Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ectomycorrhizal fungus (Tuber indicum) on the diversity of microbial communities associated with an indigenous tree, Pinus armandii, and the microbial communities in the surrounding ectomycorhizosphere soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the richness of microbial communities in the roots or rhizosphere of treatments with or without ectomycorrhizae. The results indicated that the bacterial diversity of ectomycorhizosphere soil was significantly lower compared with the control soil. Presumably, the dominance of truffle mycelia in ectomycorhizosphere soil (80.91%) and ectomycorrhizae (97.64%) was the main factor that resulted in lower diversity and abundance of endophytic pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Monographella, Ustilago and Rhizopus and other competitive mycorrhizal fungi, such as Amanita, Lactarius and Boletus. Bacterial genera Reyranena, Rhizomicrobium, Nordella, Pseudomonas and fungal genera, Cuphophyllus, Leucangium, Histoplasma were significantly more abundant in ectomycorrhizosphere soil and ectomycorrhizae. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the similarities between rhizosphere and ectomycorrhizosphere soil based on the soil properties differed significantly, indicating the mycorrhizal synthesis may have a feedback effect on soil properties. Meanwhile, some soil properties were significantly correlated with bacterial and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere or root tips. Overall, this work illustrates the interactive network that exists among ectomycorrhizal fungi, soil properties and microbial communities associated with the host plant and furthers our understanding of the ecology and cultivation of T. indicum.
Highlights
IntroductionTruffles, belonging to the Tuber genus (Ascomycota, Pezizales), are ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) that produce hypogeous fruiting bodies [1, 2] that are highly prized as a food delicacy
Proteobacteria was more abundant in the ectomycorrhizal soil compared with the control soil, indicating that this group closely related to the presence of truffle mycorrhiza, may play a role in the ectomycorrhizal synthesis
UniFrac analysis indicated that T. indicum directly or indirectly affected the microbial communities surrounding it, which initially come from the surrounding environment, such as air or water, and were significantly different from the communities of the control (Fig 5)
Summary
Truffles, belonging to the Tuber genus (Ascomycota, Pezizales), are ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) that produce hypogeous fruiting bodies [1, 2] that are highly prized as a food delicacy. T. indicum affects microbial communities associated with its host. Program of the Financial & Innovational Capacity Building Project of Sichuan (2014CXSF-030)
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