Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the most common microorganism associated with adult periodontal disease, causing inflammation around the subgingival lesion. In this study, we investigated tryptophanyl tRNA synthase (WRS) production by THP-1 cells infected with P. gingivalis. Cytokine production, leukocyte adhesion molecules, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expressions in cultured cells were examined. WRS was detected in THP-1 cell culture supernatants stimulated with P. gingivalis from 1 to 24 h, and apparent production was observed after 4 h. No change in WRS mRNA expression was observed from 1 to 6 h in THP-1 cells, whereas its expression was significantly increased 12 h after stimulation with P. gingivalis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was observed from 4 to 24 h. The TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL2 levels of THP-1 cells were upregulated after treatment with recombinant WRS (rWRS) and were significantly reduced when THP-1 cells were treated with C29. The MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells were upregulated following treatment with rWRS, and TAK242 suppressed these effects. Additionally, unmodified LDLR, macrophage scavenger receptor A, and lectin-like oxidized LDLRs were upregulated in THP-1 cells treated with rWRS. These results suggest that WRS from macrophages infected with P. gingivalis is associated with atherosclerosis.
Highlights
Accepted: 19 December 2021Porphyromonas gingivalis, which inhabits the subgingival plaque biofilm, is a gramnegative anaerobic rod bacterium and is the most common bacterium associated with adult periodontal disease [1,2]
In this study, we investigated the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and SRs, macrophage SR class A (SRA), CD36, and lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) in THP-1 cells treated with we investigated tryptophanyl tRNA synthase (WRS)
WRS secreted by host cells following infection with P. gingivalis induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Summary
Accepted: 19 December 2021Porphyromonas gingivalis, which inhabits the subgingival plaque biofilm, is a gramnegative anaerobic rod bacterium and is the most common bacterium associated with adult periodontal disease [1,2]. Chronic periodontal disease causes an immune response in the host, both innate and adaptive, in which cells are recruited from the systemic circulation [3]. Many immune cells or inflammatory cytokines induce severe inflammation of subgingival tissues. These biological reactions in the host as a result of P. gingivalis infection have been suggested as a potential risk factor for several systemic diseases, such as diabetes, premature birth, heart disease, and atherosclerosis, as well as local lesions [4,5,6,7]. The fimbriae are recognized by receptors on epithelial, endothelial, and immune cells, resulting in cell activation and cytokine and adhesion molecule production [14,15,16]. Gingipain is an important factor in the pathogenesis of periodontitis
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