Troubles obsessionnels compulsifs résistants et antipsychotiques : données neurobiologiques et thérapeutiques actuelles

Abstract

IntroductionForty to sixty percent of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are resistant to well conducted treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) over 8 weeks. The data concerning effectiveness of the addition of antipsychotics in this indication is controversial. Aims of the studyTo synthesize the neurobiological mechanisms at work in order to understand the action of pharmacological treatments in this disease and to propose a systematic review of the literature on effectiveness of different antipsychotic drugs according to their pharmacological profiles, in monotherapy or in combination with SSRIs in OCD. MethodWe conducted a systematic review of the literature using the criteria according to the PRISMA research paradigm “obsessive compulsive disorder AND antipsychotic agents”. Research bases MEDLINE, Cochrane and Web of science have been explored. ResultsUnlike the classical serotonergic hypothesis, OCD may result from striatal dopaminergic hyperactivity, modulated in some patients by an underlying serotonergic hypoactivity. Most studies report effectiveness of first-generation antipsychotics (amisulpride and haloperidol) and some second-generation antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, quetiapine) in combination with an SSRI in the treatment of resistant OCD. Recrudescence or onset of OCD in patients with schizophrenia have been described in a relay from first generation antipsychotic to olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole or clozapine in case reports, but not amisulpride and quetiapine.