Abstract

Radiative forcing and diurnal and local circulations are crucial in the tropical circulation and climate system. On the large scale there is prevailing subsidence and high surface pressure in the subtropics, in the lower layers heat and moisture transport equatorward, and convergence, ascending motion and abundant rainfall in the equatorial zone. Seasonality is very pronounced in the monsoon regions of southern Asia and Africa. Equatorial zonal circulations develop over the oceans. Interannual variability of circulation can have severe climatic implications in some tropical regions.

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