Abstract
Organo-metal halide perovskites have suffered undesirably from structural and thermal instabilities. Moreover, thermal annealing is often indispensable to the crystallization of perovskites and removal of residual solvents, which is unsuitable for scalable fabrication of flexible solar modules. Herein, we demonstrate the non-thermal annealing fabrication of a novel type of air-stable triple-cation mixed-halide perovskites, FA0.7MA0.2Cs0.1Pb(I5/6Br1/6)3 (FMC) by incorporation of Pb(SCN)2 additive. It is found that adding Pb(SCN)2 functions the same as thermal annealing process by not only improving the crystallinity and optical absorption of perovskites, but also hindering the formation of morphological defects and non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, such Pb(SCN)2-treated FMC unannealed films present micrometer-sized crystal grains and remarkably high moisture stability. Planar solar cells built upon these unannealed films exhibit a high PCE of 14.09% with significantly suppressed hysteresis phenomenon compared to those of thermal annealing. The corresponding room-temperature fabricated flexible solar cell shows an impressive PCE of 10.55%. This work offers a new avenue to low-temperature fabrication of air-stable, flexible and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Highlights
To enhance the stability of neat perovskites, mixed cations and/or halides have been introduced into perovskite compounds
We demonstrate such a type of air-stable triple-cation mixed-halide perovskites that exhibit highly efficient solar cell performance without the need of thermal annealing process, which is enabled by addition of Pb(SCN)[2]
ABX3 perovskites with A =FA, MA or Cs, B =Pb, and X =I or Br compositions can adopt different crystal structures depending on the size and interaction of the A cation and the corner-sharing [BX6]4− octahedral[4]
Summary
To enhance the stability of neat perovskites, mixed cations and/or halides have been introduced into perovskite compounds. MAPbI3 led to increased crystal size, reduced traps and improved device stability[17] We demonstrate such a type of air-stable triple-cation mixed-halide perovskites that exhibit highly efficient solar cell performance without the need of thermal annealing process, which is enabled by addition of Pb(SCN)[2]. By incorporation of Pb(SCN)[2] additive, FA0.7MA0.2Cs0.1Pb(I5/6Br1/6)3−x(SCN)x (donated as FMC-SCN) perovskite readily yields the increased crystal size and improved crystallinity in the absence of thermal annealing. It aids to suppress the formation of morphological defects and PbI2 phase. A high PCE of 14.09% is obtained in such FMC perovskite based planar solar cells with alleviated hysteresis phenomenon
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