Abstract
New sources of resistance to fungal diseases, including FHB (Fusarium head blight), need to be identified. The results of research investigating ancient wheat species with desirable traits appear promising. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. graminearum Schwabe, F. poae (Peck) Wollenw, F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. and F. langsethiae Torp & Nirenberg in the grain and glumes of diploid Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum, tetraploid T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum, T. turgidum ssp. polonicum and T. turgidum ssp. durum, and hexaploid T. aestivum ssp. spelta and T. aestivum ssp. aestivum grown in north-eastern and south-eastern Poland and to analyze the trichothecene genotypes of the isolated strains. The results of this study also point to shifts in the genotype of Polish F. culmorum and F. graminearum populations from 3-ADON to NIV and 15-ADON to 3-ADON genotypes, respectively. Our findings indicate that selected einkorn lines could potentially be used as sources of genetic material for breeding new varieties resistant to FHB. The fungal genotypes should be closely screened in Poland and the neighboring countries to assess the effects of potential genotypes profile change on fungal virulence, toxin loading and host specificity.
Highlights
IntroductionF. graminearum Schwabe are the dominant pathogens of wheat spikes [1]
The rich gene pool of these species can be reflected in increased resistance to pathogen infections, especially considering that ancient wheat species are referred to as “the covered wheats” since their kernels do not thresh free of the glumes
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of selected Fusarium spp. on six wheat species grain and glumes and analyse if Fusarium isolates are characterized by potential ability to produce trichothecenes
Summary
F. graminearum Schwabe are the dominant pathogens of wheat spikes [1]. The infections caused by the above species persist for a relatively long time from flowering to grain formation and maturation [2]. In addition to F. culmorum and F. graminearum, Fusarium head blight (FHB) is caused by F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw and. F. langsethiae Torp & Nirenberg [3]. The disease compromises the quantity and quality of wheat yields by contaminating grain with mycotoxins, mainly trichothecenes, which pose a serious threat to human and animal health [4]. Trichothecenes are small molecules that can passively cross cell membranes
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