Abstract
In this study, spherical and mesoporous NiAl particles (abbreviated as sNiAl and mNiAl) were introduced as lubricant additives into two alkyl-imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (LB104) and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (LP104)) to explore their tribological properties. The sNiAl and mNiAl particles were modified in-situ by anion and cation moieties of ILs through chemical interaction, thereby enhancing their dispersibility and stability in ILs. The mNiAl particles have better dispersibility than the sNiAl ones in ILs because of high specific surface area. LP104-modified sNiAl particles show better friction reduction and wear resistance, mainly relying on the synergy of the hybrid lubricant. These particles form a protective layer that prevents friction pairs from straight asperity contact and improves the tribological behaviors.
Highlights
With the ever-increasing performance requirements of moveable mechanical components for long-term reliability, accuracy, and environmental friendliness, it is of great significance to look for high-performance green lubricants for resolving the friction and wear issues [1, 2]
The mNiAl particles could disperse in the two ionic liquids (ILs), because their sedimentation rate was relatively low
The mNiAl particles have better dispersity and stability than sNiAl particles in both the ILs, which could be attributed to the mesoporous structure with greater specific surface area and relatively low weight
Summary
With the ever-increasing performance requirements of moveable mechanical components for long-term reliability, accuracy, and environmental friendliness, it is of great significance to look for high-performance green lubricants for resolving the friction and wear issues [1, 2]. With the increase of temperature and load, the oil-film can reach a limiting thickness and be damaged In such cases, lubricant additives or lubricants with active elements can provide friction reduction and increase wear resistance by using tribo-reaction products [6,7,8]. IL-films can be decomposed to form anti-wear components by the interaction of active elements with metal elements on the friction pairs under severe friction conditions [15] These performance characteristics have attracted much attention in the field of lubrication, and previous literatures have reported the tribological behaviors of ILs for the contact of steel/steel [16, 17], steel/aluminium [18, 19], steel/copper, and steel/modified surfaces [20,21,22,23], ensuring that ILs have a good lubrication function for various friction pairs. Friction mechanism was explored by the microtopography and chemical composition of wear tracks and wear debris
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