Trends in the development of threshing and separating systems of combine harvesters

Abstract

Annotation Purpose. Research of the efficiency of using combine harvesters, designs of threshing, analysis of the trends of their development, increasing the power of the engines and the improvement of design and technological parameters. Methods. Analytical studies were conducted to determine the use of combine harvesters due to a combination of development, design and technological parameters of combines from engine power. Results. An analysis shows that intensive processes in the production of combine harvesters over the past 20 years have led to the formation of powerful manufacturing corporations – companies “Claas”, “John Deere”, “New Holland”, “Deutz Fahr”, “CASE IH”, “Massey Ferguson”, “Fiatagri”, “JSC Rostsilmash”, “Fendt”, “Gomsilmash” “PALESSE”, “MDW”, etc., which unite numerous enterprises of equipment manufacturers in different countries of the world. According to the engine power, the designs of modern combine harvesters are divided into 12 groups of 50 hp up to 800 hp. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, it is established that the most common today is the traditional threshing and separating device (threshing drum + beater), which is used by almost all leading companies-manufacturers of combine harvesters, except “CASE IH”. At the same time, there is an expansion of production of combines with axial-rotary schemes, which are characterized by versatility, versatility, energy saving when harvesting different crops. There is a constant dynamic increase in the power of combines. So if in 2000 the engine power of combine harvesters was 200–220 kW, in 2010 – in the range of 350–400 kW, today this figure in the combines of leading manufacturers-reached 770 kW (Claas Lexion 780 Terra Trac, John Deere X9 1100, Massey Ferguson IDEAL 7, New Holland CX 8090, FENDT IDEAL 9T). The increase in the capacity of combine harvesters occurs with the simultaneous improvement of the designs of the threshing and separating device. Keywords: combine harvesters, threshing and separating device, construction, power, engine, and tendency.