Abstract
Investigations on the trends of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children are scarce. We aimed to analyze the trends of prediabetes and NAFLD, as well as their association, among Korean children and adolescents from 2009 to 2018. This study investigated the prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity among 6327 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative survey. The prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity increased from 5.14%, 8.17%, and 5.97% respectively, in 2009 to 10.46%, 12.05%, and 10.51% respectively, in 2018. In age-specific analyses, an adverse trend in NAFLD was significant only in participants aged 16–18 years while the prevalence of prediabetes worsened significantly in all age groups. In BMI-specific analyses, the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD increased significantly only in participants with normal BMI. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of prediabetes for NAFLD was 1.85 and those of abdominal obesity for prediabetes and NAFLD was 1.85 and 9.34, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD was increasing in association with abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents.
Highlights
Prediabetes is characterized by an abnormally elevated blood glucose level that is yet to be classified as diabetes mellitus but can progress to diabetes mellitus without proper management [1]
Among the participants without abdominal obesity, intake of fat increased, while that of carbohydrate decreased (p for trend < 0.01 and p for trend = 0.026, respectively). These trends were similar in both sexes, but the adverse trend in the prevalence of abdominal obesity was more apparent in males (Table S2)
As adverse trends in prediabetes and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were more prominent among children and adolescents with normal body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity, and abdominal obesity was positively associated with prediabetes and NAFLD in our study, more attentive evaluation and management of prediabetes and NAFLD are required in children and adolescents with normal BMI, especially in those with abdominal obesity
Summary
Prediabetes is characterized by an abnormally elevated blood glucose level that is yet to be classified as diabetes mellitus but can progress to diabetes mellitus without proper management [1]. Since prediabetes is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, proper screening of prediabetes is essential to manage cardiovascular diseases, especially in children and adolescents [1]. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disease induced by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, is a spectrum of progressive liver disease that encompasses. Biomedicines 2022, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disease induced by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, is a spectrum of progressive liver disease that encompasses simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis [4,5].
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