Abstract
Understanding trends in rainfall and streamflow over time are essential for water resources planning and management. This study analyzed trends in the streamflow of the Itapemirim river basin (IRB) in Southeastern Brazil and to relate these trends with changes that occurred in rainfall and land use (from 1969 to 2018). Accumulated rainfall decreased in the dry period. In October (considered the beginning of the hydrological year), rainfall amounts decreased in all sub-basins and suggested a shift of the beginning of the rainy period to November. Increasing rainfall was only observed for December and only in the west and northwest portion of the IRB. Average monthly streamflow showed a downward trend and followed downward trends in rainfall depth from the same month or the immediately previous one. Decreases of 25–40% in minimum streamflow occurred in most sub-basins and dated mainly from the 1990's. There was an increasing trend in maximum streamflow of 28–48% in the Braço Norte Direito River and in the Itapemirim River.
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