Trend of Investment in Information Technology and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

While global literature has established that board characteristics can influence firm performance, empirical evidence in the context of emerging markets like Nigeria remains inconclusive and often contradictory. This study examines the influence of some specific board characteristics on the financial performance of listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, incorporating audit quality as a control variable. The study is underpinned by the resource dependence theory, owing to the relationship between board characteristics and returns on equity which the study uses to proxy financial performance. Utilizing secondary data from thirteen listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, covering 2014 to 2023, the study employs a robust pooled regression for data analysis. The findings indicate that both board size and board independence exert a significant positive influence on the financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks. Additionally, audit quality is found to have a significant positive effect on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. However, gender diversity does not have any effect on the financial performance of these banks. The findings of this study suggest that the ratio of independent directors to the total board size should be enhanced as a policy guideline to be instituted by the Central Bank of Nigeria. The findings also suggest that the regulator should mandate adequate board sizes to be maintained by banks. Furthermore, the findings suggest urging the shareholders to mandate a higher number of independent directors on boards during their annual general meetings.

This study was carried out to examine the effect of portfolio management on the performance of listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study anchored on the Modern Portfolio and Shiftability Theory adopted an ex-post facto approach. Hence, data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of banks with international authorization for the period 2016–2020. The study used the linear regression model in the data analysis. The empirical result of the research indicates a significant and positive relationship between credit risk management, liquidity risk management and performance (NAPS) of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Thus, the study concludes that portfolio management enhances and improves the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. In lieu of this, the study recommended the need for deposit money banks to monitor and take a closer look at their liquidity and also maintain optimum liquidity, which will go a long way in improving their financial performance. Also, DMBs should determine the optimum level for their loan-deposit mix up to when marginal cost (MC) is equal to marginal revenue (MR). This would help to bring the non-performing loans to a minimal level.

This paper empirically examined how market orientation impacts on the brand performance of deposit money banks in South-south Nigeria. A market orientation and brand performance model was developed with customer, competitor focus and inter‐functional coordination as dimensions of the independent variable (market orientation) and brand performance as the dependent variable.The study adopteda cross-sectional survey research design and primary data was obtained fromtheeighteen (18) deposit money banks in Nigeria listed in the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE); all of which are operating in South-south Nigeria.A Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient analysis was done to test the hypotheses with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Based on the test results of the hypotheses, the study concluded that market orientation positively and significantly impacts on brand performance of deposit money banks in South-south Nigeria. Hence, this study recommends that deposit money banks in South-south Nigeria should encourage consistent market orientation (be customer centric, competitor focused and ensure inter-functional coordination) to increase and sustain their brand performance.

Portfolio management and performance of deposit money banks (Dmbs) in Nigeria (1990–2020)

Given that a key mechanism of corporate governance is corporate disclosure, this study, anchored on agency theory and stakeholder theory, examined the effect of corporate governance disclosure on the financial performance of deposit money banks quoted on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. Based on the provisions of the Code of Corporate Governance for Public Companies in Nigeria, 2011 and the Code of Corporate Governance for Banks and Discount Houses 2014, the study developed a disclosure checklist and employed content analysis method to extract corporate governance from 78 annual reports of thirteen Nigerian deposit money banks from 2011 to 2016. The study categorized corporate governance disclosure into three – corporate governance disclosure on board of directors, corporate governance disclosure on risk framework, and corporate governance disclosure on whistle blowing policy. It constructed an overall corporate governance disclosure index as well as sub-indices corresponding to the three categories of corporate governance disclosure. The study formulated ten hypotheses and ranked ordinary least square methods of multiple regressions to explore the relationship between corporate governance disclosure and the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The result showed a positive and significant association between overall corporate governance disclosure and the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The result of the OLS regressions also supported a positive effect of corporate governance disclosure on board of directors and whistle blowing policy on the financial performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria. Contrary to expectation, the study failed to document a significant association between corporate governance disclosure on risk framework and financial performance of deposit money banks. This study has contributed empirically to the body of knowledge by providing broader understanding of the effect of corporate governance disclosure on the financial performance of a critical sector of the Nigerian economy. Methodologically, the study is one of the few that developed disclosure checklist based on the provisions of both codes of corporate governance of Securities and Exchange Commission and Central bank of Nigeria and employed ranked OLS.

The study examined the relationship between covid-19 pandemic: financial disruptive innovations and performance of deposit money banks (DMB’s) in Nigeria for the duration of 2000-2020 (21years). This was done respect of measures of financial disruptive innovations, namely; Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Point of Sale (POS), Internet Banking (INTB) and Mobile Banking (MB) and how the effects performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria {proxy with Return on Equity (ROE)}. The method of data collection used in this study is the secondary source of data (time series data), from the CBN Bank Supervisory Annual Report, CBN Statistical Bulletin and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) Annual Reports for the period 2000-2020. The data set was described using descriptive statistics and the unit root test was conducted to ascertain if the data are stationary in order to have accurate regression result. The correlation analysis will be use to ascertain the co-movement of the independent variables in relation to the dependent variable while the Multiple Regression analysis were employed with the aid of E-VIEW version 9.0 for the purpose of testing the research hypotheses raised. The finding revealed that ATM and POS has positive significant effect on ROE of DMB’s in Nigeria while INTB and MB has negative insignificant effect on ROE of DMB’s in Nigeria. Hence, the study concluded that the relationship between financial disruptive innovations and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria significant, and it’s affected the banking industry positively. It is therefore recommended that, Investment in technological disruptions has been proven to enhance the finance of Nigerian commercial banks. The banks should therefore give emphasis to efficient utilization of the financial disruptive innovations enabled services such as POS, MB, ATM and INTB.
 Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, Financial Disruptive Innovations, performance and Deposit Money Banks.

This study examined the relationship between risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria as moderated by environmental turbulence. The study adopted the cross-sectional research survey design. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire while the population of study was the 24 deposit money banks in Nigeria. The entire population of 24 deposit money banks were adopted as a census. However, the number of respondents/ participants in the study was one hundred and twenty senior level managers of the 24 Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Therefore, the study concludes that the adoption of risk management practice positively enhances the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This implies that by adopting a proactive approach to risk management, deposit money banks can identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks that could adversely impact their operations. Hence, the study recommends that deposit money banks should conduct regular and thorough risk assessments to identify potential risks that could impact the bank's operations and performance. This includes assessing credit, market, liquidity, operational, and other relevant risks. Understanding the risk landscape is crucial for developing effective risk management strategies.

This study investigated the relationship between financial inclusion and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria from 2011 to 2021. The specific objectives were to investigate the relationship between customers loan and return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria; determine the relationship between customers deposit and return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria; evaluate the relationship between bank branches spread and return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria; ascertain the relationship between online banking and return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria; and investigate the relationship between agent banking and return on assets of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study employed ex post facto and correlation research design with secondary data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria and financial institutions of deposit money banks. The population of the study consisted of all listed deposit money banks and a sample size of ten (10) was employed for data analyzing using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between loans to customers, deposits by customers, bank branches, mobile banking and agency banking on return on assets of deposit money banks. The study concluded that financial inclusion positively influences the level of financial performance of deposit money banks. On the basis of the conclusion, the paper recommended amongst others that financial inclusion innovation methods should be stressed in the financial sector through Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) regulatory and advisories since it leads to improved financial performance and efficiency. In addition, the study also recommends that deposit money banks in Nigeria should invest more on agency, internet banking and ATM services to include the excluded people in financial services and products throughout the country since they provide significant influence on the financial performance of deposit money banks.

Introduction: In current eras, supervisory bodies have interceded in the operations of Deposit Money Banks. This is because they are confronted with plethora of problems such as overexpansion; corruption of bank officers, inappropriate risk management and these resulted to poor financial performance.
 Aims: The present study aims to focus on the link amid board independence and financial performance of Deposit Money Banks as well as providing a comparative view by focusing on Nigeria and Canada.
 Methods: This study seeks to observe the association amid board independence and corporate financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria and Canada. The panel data methodology is widely recommended for it is useful when data is a blend of time-series and cross-sectional features. The study applied secondary data extracted from annual financial statements of Deposit Money Banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Market and in the Canadian stock market between the ten years period of 2008 and 2017.
 Results: The variables considered in this study are return on asset (ROA) (dependent variable), proportion of independent non-executive directors on board (BIND) and audit committee independence (ACI) (independent variables), earnings per share (EPS) and firm size (FSIZE) which are control variables. From the findings, it is revealed that there exists a significant relationship between board independence and profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria and Canada.
 Conclusion: Empirical results obtained reveal that audit committee independence promoted financial performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria while in Canada it was positive and insignificant. Thus, a greater proportion of audit committee independence would bring about a greater level of financial performance in deposit money banks in Nigeria and Canada. The aspect of corporate governance implies that banks will profit by increasing the number of its independent directors and independent audit committee members.

The study examined the effect of foreign exchange income on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the effect of nominal exchange rate, real exchange rate, and exchange rate on return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria. nominal exchange rate, real exchange rate, and exchange rate were the independent variables, while return on asset was the dependent variable. The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design, covering the period between 2011 and 2020. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of sampled deposit money banks in Nigeria. Multiple regression techniques were used for test of hypotheses. From the data analysis, it was revealed that nominal exchange rate has a significant negative effect on return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria. real exchange rates have a significant positive effect on return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria. However, exchange rate has a nonsignificant negative effect on return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This implies that among the foreign exchange income variables, nominal exchange rate and real exchange rate can be used to predict return on asset of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommends that federal money the sources of deficit financing. They should reduce their public debt so as to allow foreigners invest in securities with naira denomination. They should reduce the extent the deplete our foreign exchange reserve because such moves increase the exchange rate, which affects banks performance negatively. The central bank of Nigeria and the ministry of finance should reduce the rate they give out dollars to politicians because it affects our exchange rate and banks’ performance negatively.

The broad objective of the study is to ascertain board characteristics and financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria while the specific objectives of the study are to ascertain the impact of board size and board composition on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study used secondary data of 13 quoted deposit money banks on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange over a period of 5 years (2015-2019). The study employed multiple regression techniques for the data analysis with the help of EViews 11.0 econometric software. The study revealed that board characteristics proxied by board size and board composition are positively significant to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This implies that board characteristics have a direct impact on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This connotes that increase in board size and increase in the number of non-executive directors sitting on the board will go a long way in increasing the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The implication of the findings of this study will be relevant to corporate bodies, policy makers/regulators and to shareholders. The study recommends that regulatory authorities should ensure the increase in the number of persons sitting on the board and they should also ensure the increase in the number of non-executive directors sitting on the board since they are likely to bring their knowledge, expertise and integrity to bear in enhancing the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria.

Although previous studies have explored the link between digitalisation and bank performance, the impact of these digital tools on deposit money banks in Nigeria remains debatable, especially regarding the components of digital accounting practices. This study examined the effect of digital accounting practices on the financial performance of deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the impacts of data analytics, automated bookkeeping, machine learning, cloud-based accounting systems, and blockchain technology on Nigeria’s return on assets of DMBs. A survey design was employed. A stratified sampling method was adopted to select seven deposit money banks with international authorization. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample size of 396 employees, which was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. The data were analysed using both descriptive and linear regression methods using SPSS. The results of the analysis showed that data analytics, automated bookkeeping, machine learning, cloud-based accounting systems, and blockchain technology have a positive and statistically significant influence on financial performance (ROA). The study concluded that digital accounting practices significantly influenced the economic performance of licensed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommended, among others, that DMBs should enhance their data analytics capabilities to improve financial performance further.

Board composition is of great importance in the stability of banks and in the operation of an economy to the financial system, as such, an understanding of the issues that promote their profitability is vital and fundamental to the firmness of deposit money banks in Nigeria. In the course of the study, the primary objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which board size influence financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, evaluate the impact of Non-executive directors on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and to investigate the effect of board diversity on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Based on sample of five banks, secondary data were extracted from the annual financial reports of the selected banks. The study adopted the ex-post facto design. The method of data analysis was the linear regression with the application of the ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques using E-view version. Findings revealed that board size had significant positive effect on the financial performance of selected money deposit banks in Nigeria, Non-Executive directors has no significant positive effect on the financial performance of selected money deposit banks in Nigeria, and Board Diversity has significant association on the financial performance of deposit money bank in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommended, amongst others, that deposit money banks should increase the size of the board especially by electing more foreign directors and female who could bring diverse experience and expertise which the domestic directors may not possess.

This research assessed the impact of liquidity management on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. Secondary data were gathered from the corporate annual reports and accounts of fifteen (15) Banks for eleven (11) years spanning from 2007 to 2017. The agency theory was the theoretical framework upon which this study was hinged. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted as analytical tools for the data. The results indicate that there exists a significant association amid liquidity management and financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. In addition, there exists a significant difference in the profitability of the Deposit Money Banks before and after the adoption of Treasury Single Account (TSA) in Nigeria. The study recommends that Deposit Money Banks should employ good liquidity management to mechanisms for a good performance and the Deposit Money Banks should reorganize its internal financial system in order to adapt to changes within the new policy (TSA).

Banking industry try to serve the interest of many stakeholders like: customers, shareholders, investors, government and so on by finding possible ways of improving their financial performance on daily basis. This study aimed at determining the effect of administrative innovation on the financial performance of deposit money banks (DMB) in Nigeria. specific objectives were to determine the effect of organizational and marketing innovation on financial performance of DMB in Nigeria. Survey research design was adapted, management of deposit money constituted the population and primary source of data was used. Structural Modelling Equation was used as a tool of analysis. The result revealed that, organizational innovation has a positive but insignificant effect on financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria; while marketing innovation has a positive significant on financial performance of DMB in Nigeria. The study concluded that successful administrative innovation reduce cost and eventually lead to increase profitability of banks in Nigerian. Recommendation include banks should continually promote products to new markets and customer group, to improve sales growth for service as a result of changes in design and pricing as is the second dimension that influences their financial performance.