Abstract
Purpose of review Almost 75 years since the introduction of chemotherapy for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), it remains the single leading infectious cause of mortality and one of the top 10 causes of deaths in 2016 worldwide. Brazil is one of the countries with the highest burden of disease in the world, and despite the downward trend in disease incidence and mortality, TB is still the third leading cause of death among infectious diseases in the country. Although diagnosis and treatment are performed universally and free of charge, barriers in access result in 69,500 new cases and 4500 deaths each year. This review provides a historical overview and the latest knowledge of TB treatment and adherence optimization in Brazil.
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