Treatment of Textile Industrial Wastewater using Membrane Technology: A Review

Exploring bioremediation strategies to enhance the mineralization of textile industrial wastewater through sequential anaerobic-microaerophilic process

The present study is carried out to evaluate the performance efficiency of biopolymeric and synthetic polymeric coagulants for the removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and turbidity from textile industrial wastewater. Shells of Gossypium herbaceum (GHC), a bio‐polymeric coagulant from bio‐waste, and polyaniline coagulants (PAC) (a synthetic polymeric) are chosen for the present study. A Box‐Behnken design (BBD) is employed for the optimization of the effects of the four process variables, such as pH, coagulation dose, contact time, and agitation speed, on the removal of color, COD, and turbidity of the wastewater. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are carried out to understand the functional characteristics and surface morphology of the coagulants. The maximum removal of color, COD, and turbidity with GHC is found to be 90.13, 72.96, and 85.48%, respectively, at pH 5.5, coagulant dose 2.2 g L−1, and contact time 35 min, while the maximum removal of color, COD, and turbidity with PAC is found to be 94.38, 91.45, and 89.36%, respectively, at pH 8.0, coagulant dose 1.6 g L−1, and contact time 35 min. The experimental results show that pH and coagulant dose influence the treatment efficiency of GHC and PAC. From the experimental observations, it is concluded that the performance of the biopolymeric coagulant is highly compatible in the treatment of textile industrial wastewater.

Membrane bio-reactor for advanced textile wastewater treatment and reuse

Cationic tamarind kernel polysaccharide (Cat TKP): A novel polymeric flocculant for the treatment of textile industry wastewater

Abstract. In the pursuit of eco-friendly solutions for textile wastewater treatment, this study presents a green magnetic adsorbent material synthesized from pistachio shell-derived activated carbon-supported by modified nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4/AC). The research explores the material's structural, morphological, and chemical properties through a comprehensive characterization including XRD, TEM, and SEM. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the nickel ferrite nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 12.4 nm. TEM and SEM images revealed a uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the porous activated carbon matrix, which is critical for maximizing the adsorptive capacity and facilitating magnetic separation. These structural features contribute to the composite's high adsorption efficiency and recyclability. The adsorption performance is evaluated using various parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and stirring rate, and the results demonstrate its efficacy in removing colorants from textile wastewater. The NiFe2O4/AC magnetic nanocomposite exhibits remarkable adsorption abilities, leading to the complete decolorization of textile wastewater when utilized under optimal conditions, including a pH of 9, a contact time of 60 min, an adsorbent dosage of 0.8 gm, and a stirring rate of 150 rpm. This innovative green adsorbent holds great promise as an environmentally responsible and cost-effective solution for the textile industry's wastewater treatment needs. Its unique combination of renewable raw materials and advanced adsorption properties represents a significant step toward sustainable water purification and pollution control.

Performance optimisation of forward-osmosis membrane system using machine learning for the treatment of textile industry wastewater

The Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidation processes (FOP and PFOP) are usually applied as a secondary unit process, and direct usage of both processes is critical in textile wastewater treatment. There is seldom study on the direct application of the FOP or PFOP showing the treatment of raw textile industry wastewaters. This study demonstrates the application and comparison of both FOP and PFOP as single units separately for the treatment of wastewater in a textile industry producing woven fabrics. In both processes, the highest treatment efficiency was achieved at pH3. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), and color parameters in FOP reduced from 1341 to 254 mg/L, 99.5 to 19.9mg/L, and 1396 to 97.7 Pt-Co, respectively. Separately, in the PFOP, 365-nm wavelength UV radiation sources have been used. In PFOP, the same parameters were reduced from 715 to 42.9mg/L, 90 to 9mg/L, and 2080 to 83.2 Pt-Co, respectively. These results were obtained at 0.7g Fe2+/L and 2mM H2O2 concentrations in both studies. PFOP can meet the textile industry receiving environment discharge standards of many countries, especially in Turkey. The use of PFOP as a single unit is possible in the treatment of textile industry wastewater without primary precipitation. The findings in this study may be practical for the adaptation of the processes on the field scale. PRACTITIONER POINTS: There is seldom study on the direct application of Fenton or photo-Fenton processes as a single unit to raw textile wastewaters This study shows the application of the Fenton or photo-Fenton processes as single units for the treatment of raw wastewater in a textile industry Results of both processes in this study meet the discharge standards of many countries Evaluations of efficiencies of both processes were achieved This study may be the focus of attention of treatment plant operators and researchers.

Treatment of textile dyeing wastewater using existing physio‐chemical and biological methods is challenging and needs an efficient technique to manage toxic and recalcitrant textile dyes in the environment. As the nano iron particles are highly reactive, nontoxic, and cost‐effective, this study demonstrates the potential of nano iron particles in the decolorization of mono azo methyl orange dye and application to decolorize textile dyeing wastewater. The dye was decolorized 98% within 30 min of reaction time and 54% reduction in total organic carbon was observed. The detected intermediates products such as m/z 149, 128, 84, 73, 56, 55 confirm the efficiency of nano iron particles in degrading textile dyes into lower molecular compounds. The dye decolorization pathway and reaction mechanism are proposed. The treatment of real textile dyeing industry wastewater showed 82% dye color removal and reasonable reduction in the quantity of inorganic pollutants such as chlorides, sulfates. Hence,nano iron particles are highly recommended to remediate textile dyeing wastewater effectively. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S366–S376, 2019

Recent progress in microalgae-derived biochar for the treatment of textile industry wastewater

Textile industry processes produce some of the most heavily polluted wastewater worldwide. Wastewater from textile industry is also highly variable (it varies with time and among factories) and contains wide diversity of pollutants. This makes the treatment of textile industry effluents, complex, site-specific and expensive. Numerous combinations of wastewater treatment technologies are currently applied in the textile industry, yet methods that work for one emitter are often unsuitable, insufficient, not necessary or unsustainable to another. As textile industry evolves, its water treatment research also has to keep pace with increasing demands. The broader aim of the textile industry wastewater treatment is to maximize the efficiency of pollutant removal, while releasing effluents that society considers as being environmentally acceptable or safe. In the last ten years great strides have been made in the ability to lower the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonium (NH4+) in wastewater. These advances elicit the question: can intensifying the usage of such technologies in the textile industry also increase its efficiency? The research team analysed water treatment by aerobic biomineralization via microbial biofilms immobilized on solid surfaces and hosted in Moving Bed Bio-Reactors (MBBRs). These biofilms are selected for carbon oxidation and ammonia oxidation. The authors compare the potential of active sludge biotreatment with the performance of MBBRs. The results are used to evaluate the potential of MBBRs as a cost-reducing solution in textile wastewater treatment plants. Our analysis supports that upgrading such stations to more heavily usage of MBBR biotechnology would increase their sustainability and environmental friendliness. The authors also discuss research directions and milestones for expanding the effects of MBBRs on the textile industry wastewater treatment.

Real textile industry wastewater was treated with the activated sludge process, and biodiesel was produced from activated sludge which was used for the treatment of wastewater. The sequential Batch Reactor was operated at the laboratory scale under ambient conditions that were 25oC. During the treatment, some of the sludge returned to the reactor while the remaining part was harvested and stored at +4°C. To determine the optimum hydraulic residence time in the treatment of textile industry wastewater with the activated sludge process, different hydraulic retention times of 1,2,3,4, and 5 days were compared. In the study, the SBR reactor was operated with and without UV to evaluate the effect of UV on treatment efficiency. While the highest removal efficiency in real textile industry wastewater by activated sludge at HRT-3 was 62% COD and 20% color with UV, the highest removal efficiency was 43% COD and 11% color used without UV. Bio-oil was extracted by Bling and Dyer extraction method from harvested sludge. 82 ml biodiesel and 15 ml glycerine were obtained from 1 L wet activated sludge by the transesterification method.

Exploring Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride for treatment of dye pollutants in textile wastewater: Benefits and limitations

Supercritical water gasification of wet sludge from biological treatment of textile and leather industrial wastewater

In this study, a textile industry wastewater being researched. Textile industry wastewater can be an environmental problem if it isn’t handled properly. A lot of things contained in textile industry wastewater that have to be processed, such as textile dyes, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and acidity (pH). Textile wastewater that dissolved in water in large quantities can increase the turbidity of the water and increase the levels of toxic substances in the water because some textile dye contains carcinogenic chemicals. So, before the textile wastewater being thrown away into the nature, it must be purified first. One of the technologies that is used to process textile industry wastewater is corona discharge plasma technology. This technology utilizes the ozonation process to purify the textile industry wastewater. The corona discharge generated by a high voltage generator with a flyback converter circuit topology. While the electrode configuration in the reactor is needle-field.The textile industry wastewater used is an artificial/synthetic waste which consist of methylene blue. Based on the results, the ozonation process is proven to reduce the concentration of dyes from synthetic wastewater. The greater the number of circulations, the greater the removal ratio of concentration in textile industry wastewater. The level of TDS from the purification process increasing along with the increasing of the circulation. The pH level of the purification results tends to decrease (become acidic) due to chemical reactions that occur in the reactor. The increasing of hydrogen ions formed in the reactor may increase the level of TDS in the wastewater.

Treatment of textile industry wastewater based on coagulation-flocculation aided sedimentation followed by adsorption: Process studies in an industrial ecology concept