Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma.

Abstract

First described by Bergstrand in 1930, osteoid osteomas are benign lesions of bone.[1] The cause of osteoid osteoma is unknown, but suggested etiologies include benign neoplastic cells, trauma, and inflammation. Histologically, osteoid osteomas are composed of mature lamellar bone and have a simple karyotype with FOS and FOSB rearrangements on cytogenetic studies.[2] [3] This can be utilized as diagnostic markers for osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma. There is no known potential for malignant transformation.[3] Osteoid osteomas account for approximately 5% of all primary bone lesions and 10% of benign bone tumors. These lesions measure less than 2 cm in diameter and commonly occur between the first and third decades of life, with a male predilection of 3:1.[4] Lesions with a diameter larger than 2 cm are referred to as osteoblastoma, which has an increased incidence in patients with Gardner's syndrome, as they harbor a germline mutation in the APC gene.[2] Lesions have a predilection for long bones, particularly the diaphysis and metaphysis of the femur and tibia.[5] In the upper limb, the phalanges of the hand are the most commonly affected sites.[6]