Abstract
This study is part of a collaborative effort between Montana Tech and the Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) to find solutions for treating metal contaminated water (e.g., Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Fe) from the Butte Hill as part of the remediation activities for the Clark Fork River Basin, in Southwestern Montana. The field demonstration systems were constructed in 1995 and include anoxic horizontal flow gravel bed wetlands with cattail plants, horizontal flow gravel/organic substrate wetlands with cattail plants, and a vertical upflow gravel/organic substrate system without plants. Flow through operation was started in May 1996 with a total flow into the treatment systems of approximately 100 m{sup 3}/d. Hydraulic residence time for the test cells varies between 1.5 and 10 days. Results from the first year of operation including startup and performance through the winter with respect to hydrology, geochemistry, and microbiology within the test cells are presented. Metal removal efficiencies for the various technologies were determined.
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