TREATMENT OF BONE MARROW HYPOPLASIA WITH MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS - CASE REPORT

Abstract

<h3>Background</h3> Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have properties of immunomodulation and helps the recovery of bone marrow in cases of aplastic anemia or bone marrow hypoplasia through the production of cytokines and growth factors. In this case report, we evaluated a dog's hypoplastic bone marrow response to treatment with adipose tissue derived MSC (ADSC) through intravenous route. <h3>Methods</h3> A dog with the diagnosis of bone marrow hypoplasia confirmed by blood analyses and myelogram was conducted for treatment with ADSC. According to the blood count the animal had 18,6% hematocrit (normochromic macrocytic anemia), 18.300mm³ leukocytes and 484.000mm³ platelets and due to the intense anemia, blood transfusions needed to be performed weekly. Three applications of intravenous ADSC were performed, with an interval of 21 days. To evaluate the animal‘s response to treatment, the blood count was performed before, on the application days and it was possible to perform the myelogram before and after the treatment. <h3>Results</h3> After the treatment, the animal showed clinical and exams improvement. The hematological parameters evaluated in the blood count showed a positive response after treatment, with hematocrit going to 28,3% (normochromic normocytic anemia), leukocytes to 8.500mm³ and platelets to 216.000mm³. The previous weekly blood transfusion increased the interval for every 3 weeks after the treatment. The myelogram, from the initial diagnosis, which previously showed severe erythroid hyperplasia, mild myeloid hyperplasia, and it was not possible to assess the megakaryocyte lineage, showed improvement of the bone marrow to only a mild hypoplasia, the myeloid and megakaryocyte lineages were normal. Even though the patient still presented a mild anemia, it showed an improvement in the quality of life. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The use of ADSC assists in the recovery of the animal‘s bone marrow, as demonstrated in the exams and myelogram. However, multicenter, randomized and controlled studies are needed to develop more concrete protocols that validate cell therapy for bone marrow hypoplasia.