Abstract
The traveling wave tube (TWT) is a vacuum device invented in the early 1940s for amplification of radio frequency (RF) power. The TWT amplifies by converting kinetic energy from an electron beam to an RF electromagnetic wave. Because of their high power, broad bandwidth, compact size, and high efficiency, TWTs are used in communications, radar, jamming, decoy applications, spectroscopy, remote sensing and materials processing. Although solid state devices are used almost universally in low power, low frequency electronic applications, particularly in digital electronics, vacuum electron devices retain an important niche where high power, reliability, and efficiency are required in high frequency applications.
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