Abstract
Epidural hematomas (EDHs) and subdural hematomas (SDHs), or so-called extra-axial bleedings, are common clinical entities after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). A forensic pathologist often analyzes cases of traumatic EDHs or SDHs due to road accidents, suicides, homicides, assaults, domestic or on-the-job accidents, and even in a medical responsibility scenario. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the published data in the medical literature, useful to forensic pathologists. We mainly focused on the data from the last 15 years, and considered the most updated protocols and diagnostic-therapeutic tools. This study reviews the epidemiology, outcome, and dating of extra-axial hematomas in the adult population; studies on the controversial interdural hematoma are also included.
Highlights
Epidural hematomas (EDHs) and subdural hematomas (SDHs), or so-called extraaxial bleedings, are common clinical entities after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and both are often present in the same subject [1].Cases of traumatic epidural hematoma (EDH) or SDHs analyzed by forensic pathologists include road accidents, suicides, homicides, assaults, domestic, and on-the-job accidents, which are all common scenarios for subjects with extra-axial hematomas, either isolated or associated with multiple traumatic injuries [2]
Cases of traumatic EDHs or SDHs analyzed by forensic pathologists include road accidents, suicides, homicides, assaults, domestic, and on-the-job accidents, which are all common scenarios for subjects with extra-axial hematomas, either isolated or associated with multiple traumatic injuries [2]
EDHs and SDHs are very different in epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, and outcome
Summary
Cases of traumatic EDHs or SDHs analyzed by forensic pathologists include road accidents, suicides, homicides, assaults, domestic, and on-the-job accidents, which are all common scenarios for subjects with extra-axial hematomas, either isolated or associated with multiple traumatic injuries [2]. These widespread pathological entities pose many problems in the field of medical liability. In the context of medical liability, a typical question concerns the timing of a medical treatment, or if the time between injury and surgical intervention influenced the outcome
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