Abstract
Traumatic brain injury represents physical damage to the brain tissue that induces transitory or permanent neurological disabilities. The traumatic injury activates an important inflammatory response, followed by a cascade of events that lead to neuronal loss and further brain damage. Maintaining proper ventilation, a normal level of oxygenation, and adequate blood pressure are the main therapeutic strategies performed after injury. Surgery is often necessary for patients with more serious injuries. However, to date, there are no therapies that completely resolve the brain damage suffered following the trauma. Stem cells, due to their capacity to differentiate into neuronal cells and through releasing neurotrophic factors, seem to be a valid strategy to use in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of clinical trials, aimed to evaluate the use of stem cell-based therapy in traumatic brain injury. These studies aim to assess the safety and efficacy of stem cells in this disease. The results available so far are few; therefore, future studies need in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation in traumatic brain injury.
Highlights
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death in young people living in industrialized countries [1]
This review aims to provide an overview of the effectiveness of stem cells in the management of TBI
This review provides an overview of the studies recorded on http://clinicaltrial.gov and the clinical trials approved by Local Ethics Committees
Summary
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death in young people living in industrialized countries [1]. TBI is a condition caused by an external mechanical force responsible for brain dysfunction. This disorder can lead to temporary damage or permanent dysfunctions that induce severe cognitive, physical, and emotional disturbances [2,3]. Intervention is important to minimize the development of brain injuries that could aggravate the patient’s condition. The management of ICP is defined as life-saving treatment, as unstable ICP can compromise the patient’s life. Other practices for managing ICP can be bed elevation, hyperventilation, and barbiturate coma
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