Tratamiento de las oclusiones crónicas en el sector femoropoplíteo mediante técnicas endovasculares

Abstract

Introduction Advances in endovascular techniques have provided new options in the treatment of complex infrainguinal occlusive lesions. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness and patency of endovascular treatment in patients with femoropopliteal occlusive disease. Methods All patients undergoing endovascular interventions for superficial femoral artery and above knee popliteal artery obstructions between February 1997 and February 2009 were retrospectively reviewed and assessed for comorbidities, operative and follow-up variables potentially associated with restenoses and limb salvage. Results During the study period, 52 patients were treated. Patients were 71.7 years (range 40 to 94), 69.2% male, 53.8% diabetic, 69.2% current or former smokers, and 67.3% hypertensive. Lesions were 28.8% TASC II C, 46.2% TASC II B, and 25% TASC II A. Mean recanalization length was 73.6 mm (range 20 to 150 mm). There were three embolizations, and four early thrombosis. Mean follow-up time was 18 months (range 1 to 115), based on clinical, hemodynamic, and ultrasound data. Primary patency rates were 85%, 76.8%, 60% and 52.5% at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Ten restenoses were successfully treated. The assisted primary patency rates were 85%, 82.3%, 74% and 74% at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Eight complete occlusions could not be reverted by a second recanalization procedure, and were treated by surgical bypass (6 cases) and amputation (2 cases). The secondary patency rates were 91.4%, 86%, 76.4% and 76.4% at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Conclusions Endovascular recanalization is a viable and effective strategy for lower limb revascularization in selected patients.