Abstract

Between 2002 and 2007, Tsotsil Mayas from San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, Mexico, joined the “boom” of undocumented migration to the United States. At the migration’s peak, 41 percent of the men 15–34 years of age in a sample hamlet of 1,350 had crossed the border, most having borrowed the equivalent of US$1,500–2,000 at 10 percent/month interest to pay for the trip. Before most were able to pay back their loans, however, demand for their labor declined, finally crashing with the recession of 2007–2008. The men’s prolonged absences, first in the North and then as they were forced to depart a second time to try to pay their debts, have led to profound changes at home, including the feminization of work and shifts in family structure and roles in a community without young men. Entre 2002 y 2007, los Mayas Tsotsiles de San Juan Chamula, Chiapas, México, se unieron al “boom” de la migración indocumentada hacia los Estados Unidos. Para 2006, 41 por ciento de los hombres de 15 a 34 años de edad en una aldea de muestra de 1,350 habitantes habían cruzado la frontera, habiendo pedido prestado cada uno el equivalente de US$1,500–2,000 con 10 por ciento de interés mensual para pagar su viaje. La demanda laboral disminuyó antes de que la mayoría pudiera saldar sus deudas, desplomándose finalmente con la recession de 2007–2008. Las ausencias de los hombres, primero en el Norte y luego conforme se vieron obligados a salir una segunda vez para tratar de satisfacer a sus acreedores, han resultado en profundos cambios en el lugar de origen. Estos incluyen la feminización del trabajo y cambios en la estructura familiar y roles establecidos en una comunidad sin hombres jóvenes.

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