Transporting the Future: Erasmus Darwin and the Poetics of Climate Control

The study was conducted to assess the competitiveness of the tourism industry in the Lviv Region at the international level and to develop strategies for its development in the current political and economic context. For this purpose, a comprehensive approach was employed, including a SWOT analysis of competitiveness and comparisons with other tourist regions. The study also developed strategies for entering new markets for tourism enterprises in the Lviv Region, particularly through international partnerships, the creation of joint tourism programmes, and infrastructure development. The study analysed the dynamics of the development of the tourism industry in the Lviv Region during 2022-2024, in particular the net income of tourism companies in 2024, which in the first half of the year amounted to UAH 1.1 billion (19.1% of the total income of the industry in Ukraine), tax revenues of UAH 314.9 million (+27% compared to 2023), and a record tourist fee of UAH 47 million. These figures reflect trends in domestic and international tourism, the growth of the average length of stay of tourists, and the region’s adaptation to economic and security challenges. The main results of the study included the identification of the strengths of the Lviv Region, such as its rich cultural heritage, natural resources, developed infrastructure, and favourable geographical location. The Lviv Region was found to be promising for the development of cultural tourism, gastronomic tourism, and ecological recreation. It was established that the Lviv Region has significant potential to improve its position in the international market but requires additional investment in the development of marketing strategies, infrastructure, and digital technologies. A comparison with other tourist regions, such as the Tatra Mountains in Poland and the Karlovy Vary Region in the Czech Republic, showed that the Lviv Region possesses competitive advantages in terms of cultural heritage and natural resources but lags behind in infrastructure and the development of sustainable tourism. The strategies of these other regions focus on improving infrastructure, developing integrated tourism products, and intensifying international marketing, which represent important directions for the Lviv Region as well. This highlights the need for investment in infrastructure development, the expansion of tourist routes, the improvement of transport accessibility, and the enhancement of service quality

The article discusses investment mechanisms for developing resource potential in agricultural enterprises under contemporary economic challenges. The research aims to theoretically substantiate and develop practical recommendations for enhancing the attractive investment of agricultural enterprises by improving mechanisms for attracting investments in developing their resource potential. The research presents a conceptual approach to the resource potential of agricultural enterprises, specifically its components, which include land, labor, financial, material, innovation, and other resources. The study justifies the necessity of strategic resource management and its integration into modern business processes to achieve sustainable development in the agricultural sector. The category “resource potential” encompasses the totality of resources that can be engaged in production processes to ensure competitiveness and the effective functioning of agricultural enterprises. It is revealed that critical components include biological resources, material and technical resources, energy, innovative and information resources, and human capital, which influence the stability and development of enterprises. The study also shows that the resource potential of agricultural enterprises is determined by their ability to efficiently use available resources to achieve strategic goals, mainly to ensure sustainable growth and increase operational efficiency. The importance of investing in material and technical infrastructure modernization, developing innovative technologies, and improving human capital management are also discussed. It is found that investment activities focused on integrating sustainable technologies and supporting ecological balance are critical for economic efficiency and ecological stability. In the context of the transformation of the agricultural sector and changes in the global economic environment, the study emphasizes the importance of investment mechanisms for strengthening the resource potential of agricultural enterprises and adapting them to modern challenges. The research concludes that investments in innovation and human capital development contribute to improved production efficiency, food security, and enhanced competitiveness in international markets. It is concluded that forming an effective investment policy aimed at optimizing resource potential and improving the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in the context of globalization and inclusive economic development is crucial. Keywords: resource potential, components of resource potential, agricultural enterprises, investment mechanisms, sustainable development, competitiveness.

In the 21st century, countries around the world have attached great importance to the development of science and technology. China put forward the “science and technology promoting environmental protection” strategy. Environmental protection is the focal point of economic growth, structural adjustment and people's livelihood improvement. The environmental protection industry in China started relatively late. There is a big gap with developed countries in the policies and regulations of environmental protection, the environmental protection industry enterprise scale and the policy guidance of environmental protection industry and so on. Environmental protection science and technology input region difference is very big, around the range of environmental protection industry development is unbalanced. In this paper, I will explore the differences and analyze the causes of differences by analyzing the current situation of the development of environmental protection industry at home and abroad. In addition, enterprise's profit ability and development ability both will be analyzed, by using the regression analysis method. Finally by comparing the empirical conclusion and using the experience of developed countries, the paper will put forward policy suggestions which can guide environmental protection enterprises to enhance research and development (R&D) investment in green technologies, promote the environmental protection industry in financial performance and promote the sustained and healthy development of environmental protection industry.

Wandering: An Essay on Histories, Genders, Mobilities, and Forms

Well-developed and efficient infrastructure is crucial for ensuring the effective functioning of the economy. A considerable lack of industry financing certainly affects the assessment of the quality of the overall infrastructure in a global context; according to the report by the World Economic Forum, Latvia languished in 51st position in its global league table for overall quality of the transport infrastructure provision [1]. In countries that have a high rating on the quality of the overall infrastructure, for example, Germany and Great Britain, appropriate investment mechanisms have been developed. They set benchmarks for decision-making and evaluation of investment efficiency. The goal of this study is to develop a conceptual approach to the creation of an investment mechanism for Latvia, based on the experience of Germany and other countries having a high rating of the quality of the overall infrastructure. In general, the results of the study can be useful in developing financial mechanism for investing in the development of transport infrastructure in Latvia as an integral part of the investment policy for the industry development.

Cilj je ovoga rada dobiti nove spoznaje o perspektivama razvoja hrvatske industrije hrane i pića u međunarodnom okruženju. Metodologija rada zasniva se na primjeni input-output modela i standardiziranih pokazatelja izvozne konkurentnosti. Usporedba bruto dodane vrijednosti, produktivnosti i faktorskog dohotka sa zemljama Europske unije ukazuje na zaostajanje Hrvatske u odnosu na zemlje članice EU-15. Istovremeno u usporedbi s novim članicama EU (tranzicijske zemlje), hrvatska prehrambena industrija uspijeva zadržati konkurentnu proizvodnju. Od analiziranih tržišta hrvatska prehrambena industrija je najbolje pozicionirana na tržištu CEFTA-e. Istovremeno, relativno su slabo razvijene komparativne prednosti i konkurentska pozicija na brzo rastućim tržištima. Rast potrošnje hrane na globalnoj razini otvara prostor sve većoj diversifikaciji izvozne strukture i jačanju konkurentnosti na dosad manje zastupljenim tržištima. Perspektive razvoja industrije hrane i pića u Hrvatskoj prepoznaju se u nastavku procesa rasta izvozne orijentiranosti, većoj zastupljenosti na brzo rastućim tržištima, rastu potrošnje hrane, ulaganjima u inovacije i razvoj novih proizvoda, te ulaganjima u razvoj novih tržišta.

The epilogue looks forward to a nineteenth century of proliferating medieval texts of all three British nations in print, new poetry that more closely resembled archaic sources, and the expanding metrical license of poets in English generally. It situates the appearance in print of texts like Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight—first published in 1815 and 1839, respectively—in the context of the eighteenth century’s use of archaic poetry to antiquate the nation as a cultural formation of long historical duration. Alfred Tennyson and Gerard Manley Hopkins are offered as cases of poets who, building on newly available poetic models and historical prosodic knowledge, wrote poems that mimicked archaic poetic elements to a degree not previously possible in English poetry.

The oil and gas supply and demand pattern, "two supply belts, three consumption centers", remains basically unchanged. However, the unconventionaloil and gas output in the United States continues to grow rapidly, resulting in an oversupply of oil and gas around the world, which has an impact on the international oil price, so there is a profound impact on global exploration and development under the background of the low oil price. First, OPEC and Russia continued to cut supply, while the production growth of unconventional oil and gas in the United States realized its oil and gas exports, driving the change of the oil and gas geopolitical structure. Second, the global demand for crude oil grew moderately, slower than that for natural gas. Third, exploration investment plummeted under the low oil price, while newly proven reserves around the world continued to decrease. Fourth, development investment returned to low-cost and high-quality mature oil fields, while new capacity was reduced. However, with the gradual recovery of the international oil price in the future, the global oil and gas development will show a new trend. It is expected that the upstream construction costs will rise, with onshore costs recovering faster than that of the sea areas. If the global exploration and development investment continues to decline in the future, the global oil and gas will be in short supply in the next three to five years, which will once again affect the current tight balance between oil and gas supply and demand. Therefore, it is expected that both the oil price and the exploration and development investment will increase in 2018, and the game between OPEC and the United States will continue.

Innovative coupling and coordination: Automobile and digital industries

Abstract. The modern global market requires extraordinary attention to the development of retail trade, which is not only the face of the economy of countries, but also plays a key role in promoting their economic prosperity. In this context, understanding the relationship between retail development indicators and indicators of the state of the economy is necessary given the importance of retail trade as one of the key elements of economic systems and is an important task for scientists and economists. Highlighting the relationship between retail trade and the state of the economy of European countries opens up opportunities for understanding and predicting economic and social trends on the path of Ukraine's accession to the EU, and promotes entrepreneurship. This study aims to model the relationship and establish statistically significant dependencies between the development of retail trade and the economic development of European countries, and to identify indicators that have an impact on the development of the industry. The study established a statistically significant impact of economic growth characteristics on the development of the retail trade industry in European countries in 2005-2022. In particular, it has been determined that the volume of trade turnover depends on such indicators as GDP per capita, consumer inflation and unemployment in the economy. The number of retailers is influenced by the volume of high-tech exports and the Gini index, which measures income inequality in the country. The number of employees in the industry depends on consumer inflation, unemployment and the Gini index. The share of income that is invested in the operating activities of the industry's enterprises depends on the level of consumer inflation, unemployment, the share of research and development expenditures in GDP and GDP per capita. GDP per capita has the strongest positive effect on turnover and consumer inflation on turnover. The unemployment rate has the strongest negative impact on turnover and the number of employees in the industry. The study confirmed the hypothesis about the positive impact of economic development on the retail industry in European countries. An economic system that promotes investment in research and development, aims to reduce unemployment and increase economic efficiency, plays a key role in the development of the retail industry in European countries. Given this, future research should focus on other factors that may influence the development of the retail industry in order to better understand the processes taking place in this area and to develop more accurate and effective strategies to promote its sustainable growth.

Recent national trends in investments in global energy research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) are inconsistent around the world. Public RD&D investments in energy are the metric most commonly used in international comparative assessments of energy‐technology innovation, and the metric employed in this article. Overall, the data indicate that International Energy Agency (IEA) member country government investments have been volatile: they peaked in the late 1970s, declined during the subsequent two decades, bottomed out in 1997, and then began to gradually grow again during the 2000s. The allocation of funding for different energy‐technology areas also varies hugely across different countries, but investments in fossil fuel and nuclear technologies continue to dominate spending. We have very poor data for private investments, but it is very likely that they have decreased as a result of the recent recession. Despite their increasing significance in the world's energy sector, little is known about public or private energy innovation investments in the rapidly developing countries. None of the six ‘BRIMCS’ countries reviewed here are members of the IEA, which is one of the few agencies that collects international statistical data on energy RD&D budgets. Like energy RD&D patterns in the United States and other IEA countries, BRIMCS country energy RD&D appears to take place predominantly in fossil fuel and nuclear technologies. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 373–396 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.112This article is categorized under: The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior

Private investment in China, as a developing country, is an important source of financing for Chinese SMEs (Small and Medium-Size Enterprises) and has played a major role in the development of the real economy. However, in 2016, the growth rate of private investment in China dropped from 10.18% to 3.17%, which had a significant impact on the real economy. At the same time, China’s real estate market has developed rapidly, attracting a large number of capital inflows. The relationship between real estate development and private investment in China is worth considering. This study first, theoretically analyzes the influence mechanism of real estate industry on private investment, pointing out that within a modest development range, the development of real estate industry can promote private investment through the industrial linkage, urbanization, and balance sheet effects, but when real estate is overdeveloped, it has an inhibitory effect on private investment through vampire effect, raising costs and reducing demand effect. In other words, real estate has different effects on private investment in different developmental periods. Therefore, there is a non-linear relationship between the two variables. Second, the relevant provincial panel data of 31 provinces in mainland China from 2003 to 2015 were selected. Using the dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this study estimated the correlation between real estate development and private investment. The empirical results showed that the development of the real estate industry has a significant impact on the level of private investment; the two showing an “inverted U-shaped” relationship. At present, in some provinces in China, the real estate industry has exceeded the inverted U-shaped threshold. To boost the vitality of private investment in promoting real economic growth, the development of the real estate industry should be restricted, and house prices should be properly regulated.

A review of China's automotive industry policy: Recent developments and future trends

This study explores the industrial dimensions of the New Economy. It examines the growth and development of industries that provide the technological and scientific foundations for the New Economy — a collection of information and communications technology (ICT) industries, both in services and in manufacturing, along with a larger group of science-based industries, which includes most elements of the technology sector, along with many other goods and service industries that make proportionately large investments in research and development (R&D) and human capital. Focusing on the 1980s and 1990s, our comparative profile examines whether the production and performance characteristics of ICT and science industries differ from more traditional elements of the business sector. A range of production characteristics and performance measures are examined. We explore differences in labour markets by examining the knowledge-intensity of the (industry) workforce, the growth in labour quality, and patterns of remuneration. Our analysis of capital structure includes investment-to-GDP and investment-to-labour ratios, based, first, on all capital investments, and second, on a subset of high-technology assets (computers, software and communications equipment). Patterns of R&D expenditure are also evaluated. Our exploration of industry performance is based on patterns of labour and multifactor productivity. Differences in corporate profitability are examined, focusing on margins and rates of return. We also investigate Canada’s trade in ICT and science-based commodities.

Measuring the impact of global research and development investment in product development partnerships: a case study on return on investment in antimalarial drug development.