Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of density, duration and the use of additives to the water during the transportation of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and use of this data to establish a safe transportation protocol for the species. The tested products and dosages were: salt (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/L), gypsum (100, 300 and 500 mg/L) and benzocaine (10, 20 and 30 mg/L). Fish were transported in closed systems (plastic bag) at different densities and time periods of up to 24 h. Fish survival (FS) and water quality parameters were monitored immediately after transportation. The remaining fish were kept in floating cages in order to evaluate mortality which occurred up to 96 h after transportation (S96). The best fish density, additives dosages and time period of the transportation was estimated with a general linear model. The effect of the condition factor on FS and S96 was also evaluated. As expected, FS and S96 were significantly related to time and density. FS but not S96, were also were significantly related to treatment. FS with gypsum treatment was not different from controls and FS with table salt and benzocaine treatments were significantly reduced. The condition factor was not related to either FS or S96. FS was inversely correlated with carbon dioxide concentration. It was concluded that the additives did not improve fish transportation survival. Linear models were developed to predict the best transportation densities as a function of time.
Highlights
Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is one of the most popular reared species in the North of Latin America (Araujo-Lima & Goulding, 1997; Val et al, 2000; Sevilla & Günther, 2000)
The results show that the effect of fish density on transport mortality is size-dependent, it is necessary to investigate these variables for fish that are 3-5 cm and 1-3 g, which represent around 80% of the transported tambaqui (Gomes et al, 2002)
The present study did not provide any evidence of improvement in fish survival during transportation when using water-transport additives
Summary
Colossoma macropomum, is one of the most popular reared species in the North of Latin America (Araujo-Lima & Goulding, 1997; Val et al, 2000; Sevilla & Günther, 2000). This fish accepts artificial food, has good productivity and a reliable supply of juveniles. Juvenile mortality during and after transportation is high and is a restriction to the productivity of Amazonian fish farms (Andrade & Randall, 1999; Gomes et al, 2002). Mortality can be related to inadequate transportation, handling or management in the hatcheries
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