Transport of Dangerous Goods by Sea on Ro-Ro and Ro-Pax Vessels – Application of IMDG Regulations in Practice

The paper describes the restrictions on the joint transportation of dangerous goods in the same vehicle, with a focus on dangerous goods of Class 1 (explosive materials and objects with explosive materials), which are, considering their purpose, typical of the Serbian Army. It also describes the conditions under which the transport of dangerous goods does not apply specific requirements that must be met during the transport of dangerous goods, as well as a way of labellng vehicles for ordnance transportation.

We have established that the transportation (transportation) of dangerous goods by rail, road, river and sea, aviation, pipeline modes of transport poses a significant danger not only “by itself”; as a result of violations of the safety conditions of the transport process provided for by regulations. An analysis of a number of events at transport facilities in the period 2022–2023 revealed the possibility of using the transportation of dangerous goods as a factor in creating man-made emergencies. To solve large-scale geopolitical problems that contradict the interests of the Russian Federation. At the same time, cargoes that make up more than 50 % of the cargo flow on all types of transport carry a potential danger for critical disorganization of the transport process. The purpose of the work was to identify the features of a number of emergency situations that occurred in the regions of the world, to identify shortcomings and “bottlenecks” in the security system for the development of preventive security measures. On all types of transport, sustainable and safe transportation (transportation) is provided by critical transport facilities, or critical transport infrastructure facilities. The analysis showed the need for the phased development and implementation of additional, non-standard security measures that require an integrated approach. The actions of 2022 and 2023 were taken into account: the explosions of the Nord Stream pipeline in the Baltic Sea, the Crimean Bridge (Kerch Strait), the Tolyatti – Odessa ammonia pipeline (on the territory of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine) and the arson of a railway train in the Severo-Muisky tunnel (on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia of the Russian Federation). In all cases, dangerous goods were an additional hazard factor: methane, anhydrous ammonia (hazard class 2) and diesel fuel (hazard class 3). The study of fact gives us grounds to conclude about a trend or phenomenon as an object of research. Typological features make it possible to combine emergency situations as similar, "similar", within the framework of the study. The measures proposed for the development of a program for the prevention of terrorist threats using dangerous goods relate mostly to organizational and technical ones. Due to the closeness of relevant information, events are discussed without details that are important for the effectiveness of development.

Dangerous goods - goods which, by the nature of their physical characteristics, chemical composition, dimensions, or other specific features and nature (live animals or fish), for some reason endanger human life or health, the environment natural or general order or material goods, including those with features of the principles of humanitarianism. The transport of dangerous and oversize goods is one of the most difficult specialties in the field of goods transport in public transport, in particular in road and rail transport. Such transport is regulated by a number of legal acts that do not apply to companies carrying out tasks related to the transport of loads, the so-called neutral. The United Nations has created a closed TN directory, giving everyone a four-digit "UN number", at the same time dividing them into classes depending on the threat or the predominant threat. The provisions of the ADR agreement relate, inter alia, to the rules (requirements) for TN transport in terms of limiting the possible effects of a potential release of hazardous substances (e.g. as a result of road or rail collisions), as well as, above all, the forms and principles of preventing the possibility of such events. The transport of dangerous goods is a special type of transport and it is subject to specific legal provisions, meeting and observing a number of specific requirements. The safety of this type of transport depends on the proper organization of its transport and the maximum involvement of participants in the entire process. The organization of the transport of hazardous materials requires a comprehensive, comprehensive view of the vehicle, packaging and cargo (means of transport and packaging should be adapted to the transported goods) as well as people involved in the preparation of transport, drivers with appropriate authorizations and training, setting the route, securing this routes in terms of maintaining safety in the event of an emergency. The article offers the author's approaches to the investigation of modern challenges of dangerous and extraordinary goods transportations.

Safe transport of dangerous goods by railway is an important challenge for both national and international freight transport. The transport of dangerous goods is one of the most demanding transportation technologies. The aim of this article is to assess the conditions for the transport of dangerous goods by railway and to define the main factors, which affect the transport of such goods by railway. Scientific literature was analysed, statistics were provided, and a qualitative survey was conducted. The factors of 3 groupas that have the greatest impact on the safe transport of dangerous goods by railway were studied and identified. The obtained results were processed using the Kendall’s rank correlation method, and the consistency of the expert opinions was clarified using the fit coefficient. Using the medium-distance transformation weights (Average Rank Transformation Into Weight – ARTIW) method, the main normalized subjective weighting factors that most influence the conditions of transport of dangerous goods for safe transport have been identified. The results of the study revealed that the main factors of Group I that have the greatest impact on the accident of dangerous goods by railway, are: complete preparation of the train, driver’s confidence in the safety systems of the locomotive and improper loading of cargo. The most important technical-technological factors of Group II, which have the greatest impact on the accident occurring in the transportation of dangerous goods by railway, are: technical condition of the locomotive, tightness of railway tanks (wagons) and marking of wagons carrying dangerous goods. Key organizational factors for Group III to consider before dangerous goods are transported by railway are: risks related to freight forwarding, identification of chemical properties of freight and driver qualification. The key factors in these three groups can be used to develop models to make the transport of dangerous goods by railway safer and more efficient.

Dangerous Good (DG) transportation constitutes a significant economic activity, which moved in 2011 more than 252.000 thousand of tonnes in Europe. In the EU-28 in 2012, 36 accidents occurred involving the transport of dangerous goods. In this paper the authors describe the architecture and the functionalities of a prototype to monitor in real time a railcar dedicated to Dangerous Good Transport (DGT). Improve rail safety and security with accurate monitoring of railcar, speed, and other shipment conditions is the main issues in DG rail transportation. This paper presents the implementation and the realization of a hardware and software systems to monitor in real time railway rolling stock for DG transport. The prototype consists of two main components: the hardware system which represents the railcar and a sensor network able to monitor the different status of each component of the vehicle; a web GIS software module able to visualize in real time the data of the simulations realized by the system. Special attention has been given to the choice of the On-Board Unit (OBU). This project, in fact, represents the first experience in the real time DG railcar monitoring system implemented by an open-source OBU that guarantees highly flexibility and the possibility to customize the technological solutions. The main objective of this application is the adoption of technical and functional innovative technologies to manage different subsystems in order to improve safety and security in the DG transport by rail.

The publication presents the results of the analysis of the transportation of dangerous goods in the current situation. The purpose of the work is to assess the state of transportation of dangerous goods and analyze the problems and risks that arise during the transportation of dangerous goods in the current conditions. The article contains an analysis of the results of the study of the cargo transportation market. Dangerous goods transportation is a complex and important transportation industry that requires careful study and management. This study analyzes the current state and problems of dangerous goods transportation in Ukraine. In particular, it examines the rules and routing of cargo flows, the impact of military conflicts on transportation, and environmental protection technologies and techniques. Since the beginning of the war, the logistics of fuel transportation in Ukraine has undergone significant changes, focusing on imports from Europe and reorientation. In general, the risks of dangerous goods transportation have reached their maximum during the war, causing both environmental and economic problems that require a comprehensive approach and balanced solutions. Transportation of fuel as dangerous goods is regulated by Ukrainian legislation and international agreements. Challenges in this area include environmental aspects, economic difficulties, the condition of rolling stock, the risks of fuel shortages during the war, human resources issues, and border blockades. Solving problems during the transportation of dangerous goods requires a comprehensive approach and compliance with relevant legislation to ensure the safety and efficiency of this process. Further research will be aimed at improving the minimization of risks in the transportation of dangerous goods, optimizing the technological process of transportation of these goods and improving transportation in various ways.

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, chemistry, atomic energy, electrical and petroleum industries have played a huge role in promoting the development of social economy. Industrial production in the increasingly use of dangerous goods as the production of raw materials, and in the production process to produce many toxic waste, enterprises in order to complete the normal production activities, it must be dangerous goods transport, and rail transport is one of the most The main form. According to a study conducted by the National Transportation Administration, 54% of the 3222 incidents involving chemical dangerous goods reported in 2010-2012 occurred in the production and storage process, and 41% occurred during transport, 5% due to other reasons. In all modes of transport, because the railway is the largest amount of traffic, the risk of rail transport seems to be the highest. However, taking into account the dangers of life and property, because most of the railway through the residential area, in the event of an accident, will endanger more people's lives, property safety, so the greater the risk of rail transport. Dangerous goods transport is a great threat to the lives and property safety of the people. Therefore, all countries in the world are actively trying to find ways and means to control and reduce the dangerous goods transport accident. In view of this, this paper mainly discusses the current railway sector in China in the transport of dangerous goods in the existing problems, in response to these problems, put forward the corresponding countermeasures. This paper is the use of normative research methods of the thematic research. The first part (the first part) elaborates the concept of dangerous goods and the concept of dangerous goods of railway; then (the second part), elaborates the dangerous goods transportation safety requirements and the dangerous goods transportation accident type; second (the third part Finally, (the fourth part), the corresponding measures are put forward to improve the safety management of railway dangerous goods transportation, to maintain the stable order of the society and to ensure the life of the masses of the people, so as to analyze the safety management problems in the transportation of dangerous goods in railway; Stability, while ensuring the safety of rail transport.

Legal Framework for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods in Kosovo

European Pathways to Introduce EGNOS and Galileo for Dangerous Goods Transport

This chapter aims to increase the safety of international transport by road. It seeks to lay down provision concerning classification, packaging, labelling, and testing of dangerous goods, including wastes, in harmony with other requirements for other modes of transport, on the basis of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. The chapter explores the conditions for construction, equipping, and operation of vehicles carrying dangerous goods by road. Open to all member States of the UN, other European States, and other member States of the UN which may be invited to participate in the work of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) for questions of specific interest to them, such as the transport of international dangerous goods. The Secretary-General of the UN acts as depositary and ensures the administration of the Agreement through the UN/ECE. The Inland Transport Committee of the UN/ECE fulfils the function of a standing forum for deliberations in matters concerning the Agreement.

With the development of China's shipping industry, the maritime cargo transportation industry chain is becoming more and more complete, resulting in more and more problems. Among them, the transportation of dangerous goods by waterway is also receiving more and more attention. As an important method of transporting dangerous goods, the safety of waterway transportation is particularly important. In order to ensure the safety of waterway dangerous goods transportation, it is necessary to establish a scientific and reasonable safety evaluation index system, and conduct a comprehensive and systematic safety evaluation of waterway dangerous goods transportation. Firstly, this paper takes the transportation of dangerous goods by waterway in Weihai City as an example, and selects five primary evaluation indicators, including environment, personnel, ships, goods, and management, as well as their secondary and tertiary evaluation indicators, based on the actual situation; secondly, a safety index system for the transportation of dangerous goods by water in Weihai City has been constructed, and an example analysis has been conducted on it; finally, safety management measures for the transportation of dangerous goods by waterway in Weihai City were proposed.

It is important to know and understand about dangerous goods and the procedures for transporting dangerous goods, especially for the younger generation can help the transport of dangerous goods reduce the number of accidents in the transportation of goods. Reducing the number of freight transport accidents is one way to implement safety and security when driving. Many young people do not understand safety and security in driving, and on this basis the Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic provides an understanding of the blind spots for dangerous goods transportation. This activity uses socialization/counseling methods to participants regarding the load of dangerous goods on the road and blind spots. The target of the Community Service Program (PKM) is aimed at students of SMAN 7 Denpasar, this is closely related to the role of youth/students and driving safety when dealing with dangerous goods transportation. It is hoped that this socialization will provide an understanding of dangerous goods in order to realize the role of the younger generation in the safety and security of the transportation of dangerous goods. After conducting socialization regarding dangerous goods, participants were able to understand the explanation given and answer the quiz questions properly and correctly.

The provision of chemical, biological, radiation, and fire safety for people, property, infrastructure facilities, and natural environment is the focus of attention of the UN specialized agencies, national governments, managers, and specialists of industrial complexes that manufacture and operate hazardous facilities. According to the analysis, during transportation of dangerous goods by all modes of transport does not ensure an adequate level of risk, as a result of which abnormal situations, various breakdowns, incidents, and emergencies continue to occur. The manifestation of risk causes considerable damage to the transport workers, transportation infrastructure, transported goods and freight units, natural environment, residents of neighboring communities, and people who happened to be in a dangerous zone. The topicality of research is dictated by the necessity of further improving the methods for protection and damage prevention, reduction in social and economic costs and environmental damage. The purpose of research is to develop elements of an integrated security system for zone of dangerous goods by federal railway transport with the possibility to employ them on international scale and in other modes of transport. Improving the concept of dangerous zone during transportation of dangerous goods stands in as the first-priority work stage of the development process. Solving the main tasks of the research was based on such proven and fruitful theoretical and experimental methods as computer modeling, comparative typology and circular expert estimations, statistical analysis, probability theory, theory of similarity, and others. The most meaningful results of the development are both of theoretical and practical importance. The theoretical result consists in development of a new approach to the concept of dangerous zone during transportation of dangerous goods by rail. The practical result involves development of proposals for improvement of the Railway Transport System of Emergency Prevention and Response; introduction of amendments into the Safety Rules for Response to Emergencies related to Dangerous Goods during Their Transportation by Rail; emergency cards for dangerous goods and a number of other technical guidance documents. Processing of the experimental data has established that the expected effectiveness of the development is 7.5–10%.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) lays out the regulatory framework for all aspects of handling dangerous goods and marine pollutants in sea transport, but does not include all details of procedures for packing of dangerous goods or actions to take in the event of an emergency or accident involving personnel who handle goods at sea. This Supplement presents the publications associated with the IMDG Code that cover these aspects of the transport of dangerous goods. The 2022 edition of the Supplement features: the Revised Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods (EmS Guide), taking into account Amendment 41-22 to the IMDG Code; the Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG); the Reporting procedures; the Recommendations on the safe use of pesticides in ships; the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on board Ships (INF Code); and other appropriate resolutions and circulars pertaining to the transport of dangerous goods, including Guidelines for the implementation of the inspection programmes for cargo transport units (MSC.1/Circ.1649) and the List of non-exhaustive voluntary guidance on pest contamination (MSC.1/Circ.1650). The IMDG Code Supplement should be of interest to maritime administrations, shipping companies, manufacturers, packers, shippers, feeder services such as road and rail, and port authorities.

By clicking on the "Read" button on this page you will be accessing the PDF of the full book. To access the Full-Text version and PDFs of the individual chapters, click on the “Chapters” tab and select the chapter you would like to read. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) lays out the regulatory framework for all aspects of handling dangerous goods and marine pollutants in sea transport, but does not include all details of procedures for packing of dangerous goods or actions to take in the event of an emergency or accident involving personnel who handle goods at sea. This Supplement presents the publications associated with the IMDG Code that cover these aspects of the transport of dangerous goods. The 2024 edition of the Supplement features: the Revised Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods (EmS Guide), taking into account Amendment 42-24 to the IMDG Code; the Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG); the Reporting procedures; the Recommendations on the safe use of pesticides in ships; the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on board Ships (INF Code); and other appropriate resolutions and circulars pertaining to the transport of dangerous goods, including Guidelines for the implementation of the inspection programmes for cargo transport units (MSC.1/Circ.1649) and the List of non-exhaustive voluntary guidance on pest contamination (MSC.1/Circ.1650). The IMDG Code Supplement should be of interest to maritime administrations, shipping companies, manufacturers, packers, shippers, feeder services such as road and rail, and port authorities.