Transport characteristics of space charge-dominated multi-species deuterium beam in electrostatic low-energy beam line

Abstract

The transport characteristics of a space charge-dominated multi-species deuterium beam consisting of $$ D_{1}^{ + } $$ , $$ D_{2}^{ + } $$ , and $$ D_{3}^{ + } $$ particles in an electrostatic low-energy beam line are studied. First, the envelope equations of the primary $$ D_{1}^{ + } $$ beam are derived considering the space charge effects caused by all particles. Second, the evolution of the envelope of the multi-species deuterium beam is simulated using the PIC code TRACK, with the results showing a significant effect of the unwanted beam on the transport of the primary beam. Finally, different injected beam parameters are used to study beam matching, and a new beam extraction system for the existing duoplasmatron source is designed to obtain the ideal injected beam parameters that allow a $$ D_{1}^{ + } $$ beam of up to 50 mA to pass unobstructed through the electrostatic low-energy beam transport line in the presence of an unwanted ( $$ D_{2}^{ + } $$ , $$ D_{3}^{ + } $$ ) beam of 20 mA; at the same time, distortions of the beam emittance and particle distributions are observed.