Abstract
Despite the benefits of wind and solar photovoltaic generation, its stochastic characteristic imposes uncertainties on the electric power system’s transient stability. The dynamics considering large synchronous generators has been studied for many decades, and its behavior is well known. On the other hand, the penetration of renewable sources has reached records, showing that it is still vital to study their impact. The present work proposes computer modeling and simulations for the dynamic analysis of electromechanical stability in a transmission system with significant renewable generation. In general, the literature does not propose solutions to the electromechanical stability analysis, proving that there are gaps to be filled. Therefore, the main work contribution consists of designing and coupling a battery energy storage system to a solar plant to smooth power variations. A significant innovation is the proposition of different scenarios that replicate disturbance situations, where the analyses were carried out using the Brazilian grid code. It was possible to evaluate the robustness of the proposed system and the efficiency of the storage system in mitigating the impacts of renewable generation. Thus, it is possible to achieve high levels of renewable penetration if extensive and rigorous studies are carried out.
Highlights
Electricity generation through renewable sources, especially wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, has brought several systemic and environmental benefits. This generation brings negative impacts from a technical, operational, and regulatory point of view compared to large synchronous generators, traditionally used in the electric power system (EPS) [1,2]. These plants have limitations in attenuating the disturbances occurring in the grid since they do not have the kinetic energy contained in the rotor, such as conventional generators, being coupled to the grid through electronic power converters [3–5]
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The results were encouraging, verifying that the penetration of intermittent sources in the considered transmission system did not compromise the standardized limits and did not bring risks to the transitory stability. This shows that relatively high penetration levels can be achieved, provided that the due studies are validated
Summary
Electricity generation through renewable sources, especially wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, has brought several systemic and environmental benefits. This generation brings negative impacts from a technical, operational, and regulatory point of view compared to large synchronous generators, traditionally used in the electric power system (EPS) [1,2]. These plants have limitations in attenuating the disturbances occurring in the grid since they do not have the kinetic energy contained in the rotor, such as conventional generators, being coupled to the grid through electronic power converters [3–5]. The stochastic characteristics of wind and solar generation impose uncertainties about quality and reliability, in addition to which they tend to compromise the transient stability of the system in short periods (seconds to minutes) [6,7]. With so many variables at stake, planners, operators, and investors must carry out rigorous preoperational and commissioning studies, essential for the system’s stable operation [2]
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