Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Chinese Version of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale Among Antenatal and Postnatal Women: A Psychometric Study.

Detecting the severity of perinatal anxiety with the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS)

BackgroundAnxiety disorder is more common in women than men. To some extent, it can be attributed to childbirth and factors related to pregnancy in women. Therefore, it is necessary for mothers to use valid and reliable scale to assess perinatal anxiety, such as the perinatal anxiety screening scale (PASS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the PASS in Persian language.MethodsThe PASS was translated into Persian (PASS-IR). Generally, 224 women antenatal and 125 postnatal answered the questions of PASS, EPDS-10, BAI and DASS-21 questionnaires. The data was collected in the health centers of Kerman by random sampling method. Finally, content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 32.89 years (range between 18 and 45 and SD = 6.23). More than half of the participating were at risk of severe anxiety (53.5%). Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were 0.80 and 0.87. PASS-IR subscales include social anxiety and specific fears, general anxiety and adjustment, acute anxiety and trauma, and perfectionism and control. PASS-IR was significantly correlated with EPDS-10 (rho = 0.42), BAI (rho = 0.53), DASS-21 with three concepts of depression, anxiety and stress (rho = 0.51, rho = 0.49 and rho = 0.49), and adverse life events (rho = 0.30).ConclusionThe results of this study show that PASS-IR has good validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to screen for anxiety disorder among Iranian women in the perinatal stage.

BackgroundAnxiety among women in the perinatal period is common. Assessing the severity of perinatal anxiety will help monitor the progress of the patient through the stages of anxiety and facilitated the treatment. This study assesses the validity and reliability of the “Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale” (PASS) in the Arabic language.MethodsThe PASS was translated into Arabic. Two hundred seventeen women in the antenatal and postnatal phase participated (92 antenatal and 125 postnatal) answered to PASS, GHQ12, EPDS-10, and DASS-21. Content validity, factor analysis, internal consistency, and test retest reliability were assessed.ResultsContent Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were .88 and 0.79; respectively. The scale loaded on four components: acute anxiety, social anxiety, and dissociation; specific fears and trauma; general anxiety and adjustment; and perfectionism and control. Cronbach’s Alpha value for the scale was 0.78 and test retest correlation coefficient was 0.94. PASS significantly correlated with EPDS-10 (rho=0.46), GHQ-12(rho=0.58), the three components of DASS-21 (0.47, 0.50, and 0.43; respectively), and experiencing adverse life events.ConclusionThe Arabic translated version of the PASS showed reasonably adequate validity and reliability and can be used to screen for anxiety disorder among women in the perinatal phase.

Background:Poor mental health of the mother affects her physical health and the neonate's health and development. Studies from Southern India place different estimates of perinatal mental ill-health. Cultural variables affect health-seeking behaviour and are thus important to study in perinatal women with psychiatric morbidity.Methods:A total of 281 perinatal women were screened on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 6.0 (MINI), assisted with a clinical interview to identify psychiatric illnesses. The cultural formulation interview (CFI) of DSM-5 was applied on perinatal women having psychiatric illnesses and their caregivers.Results:A psychiatric diagnosis was present in 10.3% of perinatal women. Depression and anxiety disorders were seen in 7.12% and 1.41%, respectively. Marital discord (P < 0.0001), psychosocial stressors (P < 0.0001), and past history of psychiatric disorder (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in perinatal women with a current psychiatric diagnosis. On CFI work-related stress, the gender of the infant, low education and conflict across generations were identified as the negative aspects of the culture associated with psychiatric illness during and after pregnancy. Religion and social support were the major coping strategies, while stigma and financial problems were the major barriers to help-seeking.Conclusion:The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the strikingly low help-seeking are noteworthy. These findings can help in planning treatment and prevention programs for timely detection and intervention for perinatal psychiatric disorders.

Background and aimThe postpartum depression literacy (PoDLi) of perinatal women is closely related to the occurrence, recognition, and treatment of postpartum depression, therefore valid instruments for evaluating the level of PoDLi are of great significance for both research and clinical practice. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt the postpartum depression literacy scale (PoDLiS) into Chinese and to test its psychometric properties among Chinese perinatal women.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. 619 out of the 650 perinatal women that were approached via a convenience sampling method completed the Chinese version of the PoDLiS (C-PoDLiS). Content validity [the content validity index of items (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI)] was evaluated by an expert panel. Psychometric properties, including item analysis, structure validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis), convergent and discriminant validity, reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability), criterion validity (concurrent validity, predictive validity), and floor/ceiling effect were examined.ResultsThe final version of C-PoDLiS is a six-factor structure consisting of 27 items, which explained 61.00% of the total variance. Adequate content validity (I-CVI = 0.833–1.00, S-CVI = 0.920) was ensured by the expert panel. The modified confirmatory factor analysis model revealed that the 6-factor model fitted the data well (χ2/df = 1.532, root mean square error of approximation = 0.042, goodness of fit = 0.900, incremental fit index = 0.949, comparative fit index = 0.948, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.940). The total Cronbach’s α was 0.862, the total McDonald’s ω was 0.869, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.856. Results of convergent validity (average variance extracted = 0.486–0.722) and discriminant validity provided good or acceptable psychometric support. Significant correlations between scores of the C-PoDLiS and Mental health literacy scale (r = 0.155–0.581, p < 0.01) and Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help short form scale (r = 0.361–0.432, p < 0.01) supported good concurrent and predictive validity, respectively. No floor/ceiling effect was found.ConclusionThe C-PoDLiS was demonstrated to be a sound instrument with good reliability and validity for evaluating Chinese perinatal women’s PoDLi levels. Its use in the future can facilitate data aggregation and outcome comparisons across different studies on this topic.

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale, PASS) to screen for a broad range of problematic anxiety symptoms which is sensitive to how anxiety presents in perinatal women and is suitable to use in a variety of settings including antenatal clinics, inpatient and outpatient hospital and mental health treatment settings. Women who attended a tertiary obstetric hospital in the state of Western Australia antenatally or postpartum (n = 437) completed the PASS and other commonly used measures of depression and anxiety. Factor analysis was used to examine factor structure, and ROC analysis was used to evaluate performance as a screening tool. The PASS was significantly correlated with other measures of depression and anxiety. Principal component analyses (PCA) suggested a four-factor structure addressing symptoms of (1) acute anxiety and adjustment, (2) general worry and specific fears, (3) perfectionism, control and trauma and (4) social anxiety. The four subscales and total scale demonstrated high to excellent reliabilities. At the optimal cutoff score for detecting anxiety as determined by ROC analyses, the PASS identified 68 % of women with a diagnosed anxiety disorder. This was compared to the EPDS anxiety subscale which detected 36 % of anxiety disorders. The PASS is an acceptable, valid and useful screening tool for the identification of risk of significant anxiety in women in the perinatal period.

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the availability of a few scientific papers studying the dynamics of the emotional state of mothers during the first year after the birth of a premature baby. Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify the dynamics of emotional state in mothers of infants born significantly prematurely. Study Participants. The long-term study involved 30 women in the situation of giving birth significantly prematurely (28–31 weeks) at the age of 29 to 41 years. Methods. The longitudinal study was conducted in 2 stages: during the first week after the birth of a premature baby and after 12–14 weeks. The following techniques were used in the study: The Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale — PASS-R in the adaptation of M.A. Korgozha and A.O. Evmenenko, Edinburgh Scale of postpartum depression in the adaptation of G.E. Maso, L.I. Wasserman, M.V. Shamanina, clinical questionnaire for the identification and evaluation of neurotic states by K.K. Yakhin and D.M. Mendelevich. Results. In the emotional state of mothers during the first week after the birth of a significantly premature baby, symptoms of anxiety and specific fears characteristic of the perinatal period are present. After 12–14 weeks, a more pronounced pattern of symptoms is observed. At the second stage of the study, 12–14 weeks after giving birth, the emotional state of women showed symptoms of postpartum depression, asthenia, and autonomic disorders. Conclusions. An analysis of changes in the emotional state of mothers of children born significantly prematurely, including an analysis of symptoms of perinatal anxiety, postpartum depression and asthenia, shows that 12–14 weeks after the birth of the child, mothers have deviations from the average normative values for all the studied indicators. The conducted research substantiates the need for the further study of the indicator dynamics in the emotional state of mothers, taking into account the category of prematurity of children by the time of birth, which will make it possible to identify targets in providing comprehensive medical and psychological assistance to mothers both at the hospital and at the outpatient stage of medical rehabilitation.

IntroductionMedical education standards influence the academic performance and clinical competencies of medical students as career practitioners. With the rising demand for teaching innovation and technological advancement in medical education, clinical teaching in China has faced many challenges, which necessitate a re-evaluation of traditional educational approaches. To overcome these challenges, the tertiary hospital in Guangzhou and the medical school in Macau have initiated the reform of clinical teaching in an undergraduate teaching program with a specific project for Macau medical students to perform clinical placement in anaesthesia at the tertiary hospital in Guangzhou. The project was co-led and co-chaired by both institutions and coordinated by the Anaesthetic Department, International Office, and Medical Education Department at the tertiary hospital in Guangzhou. This project aimed to analyse students’ anaesthetic placement experiences to illustrate the effectiveness of collaborative teaching and the development of a student-co-designed curriculum.MethodsThe participating medical students attended the anaesthetic placement at the tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, which is scheduled to spend one day in operating theatres, recovery rooms, and central theatre pharmacies under supervision. All participating students provided post-placement feedback by answering a pre-designed enquiry questionnaire to develop a co-designed curriculum. Post-placement feedback, including written reflections in response to the enquiry questionnaires, was collected and semantically analysed.ResultsPost-placement feedback in response to the enquiry questionnaires was presented as themes, which formed the core elements of the student-co-designedanaesthetic placement curriculum.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the effective implementation of collaborative teaching and curriculum co-designed in anaesthesia education at a tertiary hospital in the “Greater Bay Innovative Zones of China”. This curricular design model facilitates the development of a student-centred anaesthetic curriculum for better clinical teaching and learning.

Introduction: Perinatal depression and anxiety are major causes of maternal morbidity, and are more common in high-risk pregnancies compared to low-risk pregnancies. This study used validated screening tools to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnant patients who transferred their obstetric care to a specialized fetal center for fetal anomaly. Methods: This is a prospective cohort of patients with a fetal anomaly prompting transfer of obstetric care to Texas Children’s Hospital Fetal Center between January 2021 and February 2022. The primary outcome was a self-assessed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 13 or higher, either antepartum or postpartum (“ever-positive EPDS”). Secondary outcomes included self-assessed Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) scores of 21 or higher (“ever-positive PASS”), obstetric outcomes, and neonatal outcomes. A frequentist analysis was performed. Results: Of 149 women who transferred to Texas Children’s Hospital during the study period, 94 enrolled in this study. Twenty-six percent of women had an ever-positive EPDS; 20% of patients had an ever-positive PASS. Patients were more likely to have an ever-positive EPDS if they were single (46% compared to 20%, p = 0.025). Women who had an ever-positive EPDS were more likely to be referred to psychiatry (46% compared to 14%, p = 0.004) and psychotherapy (29% compared to 1%, p < 0.001). Surprisingly, patients were more likely to have an ever-positive PASS if they reported good social support (p = 0.03). Antepartum EPDS and PASS scores had no relationship with postpartum EPDS scores. Conclusion: Women who transfer care to a tertiary setting have positive EPDS scores at double the rate of the general population, but tend to experience this either antepartum or postpartum (not both). Fetal centers should be prepared to screen for mental health symptoms before and after delivery and provide appropriate referral or treatment.

Aim: To explore the extent of adherence to hand hygiene as a means for infection control by in-patients’ caregivers, and to identify factors in relation to caregivers’ adherence of hand hygiene practice guidelines.&#13;\n&#13;\nBackground: Low compliance rate of hand hygiene among inpatients’ caregivers may lead to cross infection in hospitals and may be associated with detectable changes in the incidence of healthcare-associated infections. While hand hygiene education regarding infection control is given to each health care worker working in hospital settings, health care assistants and patients’ family members who often provide care to in-hospital patients have not received or undergone compulsory hand hygiene training. Little is known about the inpatients’ caregivers’ attitude towards hand hygiene and their hand hygiene practices in mainland China. Such information is particular important since non-hospital health care assistants (HCAs) and patient’s family members (PFMs) are common caregivers for in-patients in mainland China. Such information can guide policymakers to formulate specific health polices to prevent healthcare-associated infections.&#13;\n&#13;\nMethods: This cross sectional study was conducted from February 2015 to March 2015 in a tertiary public hospital in Guangzhou, southern China. Survey data were collected using the pretested questionnaire developed by Centers for Disease Control of Taiwan on 232 health care assistants and patient’s family members selected in the Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Surgery and Department of Geriatrics in this hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the frequency, mean, standard deviation and other statistics. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between hand hygiene knowledge and hand hygiene practice when caring in-patients, adjusted for the effect of demographic variables. The level of statistically significant was set at 0.05.&#13;\n&#13;\nResults: Nearly half of health care assistants and patient’s family members had good knowledge of hand hygiene (mean scores= 69.11+8.25). Over 90% participants had positive attitudes towards hand hygiene and current health education tools regarding hand hygiene. Only 41.4% of participants had good hand hygiene practice (mean scores=24.47+4.36). Results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that female gender (β=1.511, P=0.034) and knowledge level towards hand hygiene (β=0.07, P =0.001) had positive correlation with hand hygiene practice. Obstacles to hand hygiene mainly included misperception of gloves use, lack of time, and poor hand hygiene knowledge. Increasing hand washing facilities was considered as the most effective intervention to improve their adherence.&#13;\n&#13;\nConclusion: Although the majority of patient’s caregivers had a positive attitude towards hand hygiene, lack of knowledge regarding ‘Five Moments for Hand Hygiene’ and low hand hygiene adherence still persisted among health care assistants and patient’s family members. Future study should explore strategies to improve HCAs and PFMs knowledge and practice about hand hygiene. Health education and surveillance regarding hand hygiene should be conducted among patient’s caregivers.

PurposeTo investigate the clinical distribution and resistance trends of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) among pediatric patients at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Guangzhou, China (2015–2024), with a focus on extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-KP) and carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) strains.Patients and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on non-duplicate KP isolates obtained from pediatric patients (aged ≤14 years) at Guangdong Women and Children Hospital (2015–2024). Time trends of isolated rates and resistance rates for the KP strains were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, with statistical analysis performed in SPSS and Python.ResultsA total of 2907 non-duplicate KP isolates from 2557 patients were analyzed. The proportion of KP among all clinical isolates decreased significantly from 18.4% (492/2670) in 2015 to 6.5% (203/3135) in 2024 (P < 0.05), with the highest proportion (49.0%,1254/2258) observed in infants aged ≤1 month. The KP strains were most often cultured from lower respiratory tract specimens (70.8%, 2059/2907), followed by blood (10.0%, 292/2907) and urine specimens (7.8%, 227/2907). The strains showed two peaks of third- generation cephalosporin resistance in 2018 (64.3% [231/359] for ceftriaxone, 52.1% [215/498] for ceftazidime) and 2023 (42.0% [55/131] for ceftriaxone, 34.1% [45/132] for ceftazidime), and the highest resistance rates of carbapenems were 20.8% (97/466) in 2016. The proportion of ESBL-KP among all KP isolates decreased from 54.3% (266/490) to 29.1% (59/203) (P < 0.05). ESBL-KP isolates were found more frequently in blood and urine. The proportion of CRKP remained stable (7.5% [37/492] to 7.9% [16/203]; P > 0.05). CRKP was mainly found in ICU wards. CRKP rates dropped from 67.6% (25/37) to 0% (0/16) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) but increased from 10.3% (4/39) to 50.0% (8/16) in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Patients infected with ESBL-KP or CRKP were associated with significantly longer hospital stays compared to those caused by non-multidrug-resistant strains (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite a decreasing overall prevalence of KP, the persistent high prevalence of ESBL-KP and the rapidly increasing trend of CRKP in the PICU suggested that recalibrated, unit-specific antimicrobial strategies were necessary. This study provides supporting information for the rational use of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice based on the comprehensive investigation of antimicrobial resistance change.

BackgroundAnxiety disorders during pregnancy are not routinely assessed in Sri Lanka despite being common and being associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening can facilitate early detection and management of anxiety and improve pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to determine the validity of the Sinhala translation of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) to detect anxiety among Sri Lankan pregnant women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in antenatal clinics of a teaching hospital in Colombo District. The PASS was translated to Sinhala using the standard translation/ back-translation method. Pregnant women (n = 221) were sequentially recruited and assessed by a psychiatrist until 81 women with anxiety disorder were diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria (gold standard). The Sinhala translation of the PASS (PASS-S) was administered to all recruited women, including 140 women without anxiety. Receiver-Operating- Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed, the optimal cut-off score for PASS-S was determined, and its validity was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and positive and negative likelihood ratios. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability for PASS-S score and anxiety classification were assessed using intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s kappa (k), respectively.ResultsThe mean age (±SD) of women was 30(±5.8) years, and 53.7% were multiparous. A psychiatrist diagnosed anxiety disorder was made in 37.0% of women, while the PASS-S, at its optimal cut-off of ≥20, classified 37.5% of women as having anxiety disorders. The area under the ROC curve for the PASS-S was 0.96 (95%CI 0.94–0.99). Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the PASS-S were 0.93 (95% CI 0.84–0.97), 0.90 (95% CI 0.83–0.94), 0.85 (95% CI 0.75–0.90) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.89–0.98), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.8 (95% CI 5.3–14.5) and 0.08 (95%CI 0.04–0.18), respectively, and the internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha 0.95). Four-factor structures obtained by exploratory factor analysis were “acute anxiety and adjustment”, “social anxiety, specific fears and trauma”, “perfectionism and control” and “general anxiety”.Test-retest reliability was high for the PASS-S score (ICC 0.85[95% CI 0.65–0.96]) and anxiety classification (k 0.77[95% CI 0.34–1.2]). Inter-interviewer reliability was also high (ICC 0.92[95% CI 0.81–0.97] for the PASS-S score and (k0.86 [95% CI 0.59–1.1] for anxiety classification).ConclusionThe Sinhala translation of the PASS is a valid and reliable instrument to screen for anxiety disorders among antenatal women in Sri Lanka.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common in women. This sensitivity extends into the perinatal period as well. Thus, screening for anxiety disorders during the aforementioned period is important for the proper management and treatment of conditions. This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale, which was determined to be beneficial for the purposes listed above. METHOD: For this study, the “Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale” (PASS) was translated into Turkish and relabelled “Perinatal Anksiyete Tarama Ölçeği” (PASS-TR). 312 perinatal women were then evaluated with: the ICD 10 diagnosis system, SCID-1, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, and PASS-TR. The resulting data was examined using Pearson Correlation analysis, Reliability tests, ROC analysis, and Factor analysis. The generated sub-dimensions were re-examined again by confirmatory factor analysis and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Root Mean Square Residual (RMR), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) χ2/sd, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). RESULTS: In this assessment, Cronbach's Alpha value for the scale is = 0.95, and the sub-dimensions obtained by explanatory factor analysis are: (1) general anxiety and specific fear, (2) perfectionism and control, (3) social anxiety and adjustment disorder, (4) acute anxiety and trauma. The cut-off score for the scale is 16. As a result, it was determined that PASS-TR is an accurate method for the scanning of anxiety disorders in the perinatal period. CONCLUSION: PASS-TR can be validly and reliably used to scan for anxiety disorders amongst perinatal women.

Background: early detection of perinatal anxiety using appropriate measures helps in reducing maternal and fetal complication. WHO guidelines for instrument translation and adaptation provide rigor and transparent method for Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) translation and expand the knowledge in diversity cultural contexts. Aim: to describe the process of cultural adaptation of the PASS into the Jordanian context based on the WHO framework for instrument translation and adaptation. Methods: PASS was completed by a convenience sample of 31 pregnant women. In which PASS went through WHO framework for instrument translation and adaptation process includes forward translation, expert panel, blind back translation, pre testing and cognitive interview, and the final version is ready for piloting. Some comments were added to three items by five expert panel, then the modified version was ready for piloting. Result: the internal consistency reliability of PASS was 0.869 and five experts who reviewed PASS confirmed the scale appropriateness and clarity after a slight modification to three items. Participants found PASS in general easy to complete but some of them found difficulties in understanding two items located in the Perfectionism, control and trauma subscale where they need an explanation of their meaning to answer them. Conclusion: using WHO guidelines for instruments translation considered a rigorous method and revealed that PASS is reliable and valid tool to be used within the Jordanian context to measure perinatal anxiety. However, the focus on explaining items 11 and 14 to participants is important due to difficulty in understanding their meaning.

Background: The postpartum period is associated with significant psychological vulnerability, and anxiety disorders during this phase are increasingly recognized as important contributors to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite its high prevalence, postpartum anxiety remains underdiagnosed, particularly in resource-limited settings. Early identification of anxiety and associated risk factors is essential for comprehensive postnatal care. Objectives: To assess the severity of postpartum anxiety among postnatal women using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and to examine its association with selected socio-demographic, obstetric, and neonatal factors. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted among postnatal women admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital. Data were collected using a structured proforma and medical record review. Postpartum anxiety was assessed using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS). Based on PASS scores, participants were categorized as asymptomatic (0–20), mild to moderate anxiety (21–41), or severe anxiety (≥42). Associations between anxiety severity and variables such as age, socioeconomic status, family pattern, gravidity, mode of delivery, history of abortions, pregnancy-related complications, and NICU admission were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Most participants were asymptomatic, while a substantial proportion exhibited mild-to-moderate anxiety; severe anxiety was relatively uncommon. Higher anxiety severity was observed among women belonging to lower socioeconomic status, primigravida mothers, and those who underwent cesarean delivery. NICU admission of the newborn showed a strong association with increased anxiety severity, with a majority of these mothers experiencing mild-to-moderate or severe anxiety. A history of previous abortions, particularly multiple abortions, and pregnancy-related complications were also associated with higher anxiety levels. Conclusion: Postpartum anxiety is a common but under-recognized mental health condition influenced by multiple socio-demographic, obstetric, and neonatal factors. Routine screening using validated tools such as PASS during the postnatal period can facilitate early identification of high-risk mothers. Integrating mental health assessment and psychosocial support into standard postnatal care may significantly improve maternal well-being and overall postnatal outcomes