Translating Iberian Literatures into Galician: An Empirical Approach to the Strategies of Twenty-first-century Publishing Houses

This paper studies the translations published between 2005 and 2012 by 25 publishing houses incorporated into the Galician publishing field since 2003 regarding their levels of publication, issue date, literary genre and source language. At the same time, it reflects upon the relationship between these publications and the cultural normalización discourse. After presenting and discussing relevant data from the Projeto Livro Galego database (Samartim & Cernadas 2020), it is shown that Spanish and English are the main source languages for these works, while the most translated genre is children and young adults literature, followed by prose fiction. This is, however, mostly due to a minority of publishing houses that concentrate many of the publications, while the remaining businesses show more varied translation plans. Also, data shows that the translation sub-field in the selected period is dependent on the field of power. Finally, the idea of normalización is presented as one of the main functions of Galician literary translation. This analysis aims at contributing empirical information, and some critical remarks, to the understanding of the cultural model of a European minoritized language in one of its fundamental expressions.
 Received: 18 April 2022Accepted: 12 May 2022

Modern Dystopian Fiction and Political Thought: Narratives of World Politics

The aim of the article is to investigate the impact of a personality heading a publishing house or a publishing business. The article has shown that almost all Lithuanian publishers are for-profit, small and micro-enterprises, where most of the different processes include a small number of people and the head of a publishing house comes into direct contact with all the publishing processes. The smaller the publishing house is, the more important the role of the head of a publishing house and his/her personality becomes. The analysis of a publisher’s personality was conducted on the basis of the adapted Big Five model, with the conclusion that a publisher’s personality is comparable to the personality characteristics of any entrepreneur. The personality-related analysis of Lithua­nian publishers revealed that those Lithuanian publishers who founded a publishing house are often high-brow, artistic, romantic, ideological personalities who regard publishing more as a cultural mis­sion than a commercial business. The empirical study (interviews conducted with several heads of Lithuanian publishing houses) has disclosed that the role of the head of a publishing house is also affected by such factors as literature genres and scope of publishing activities. It has been found out that the most important and influential personality in a publishing house is usually related to a thorough knowledge of the literature the respective publishing house is specializing in. The perso­nalities of the Lithuanian publishers are not distinctly different from those of foreign publishers: all of them can be characterized as comprehensive and well-rounded personalities, having the ability to find and exploit new opportunities, motivated by the pursuit of lifelong learning, interested in team- work, displaying patience and creativity. The study also identified the following personality traits (which are otherwise not mentioned in literature) – instincts, intuition, the ability to value a book, knowledge of the publishing repertoire and devotion to it as well as cultu­ral choice motives for the publishing industry. In conclusion, the Lithuanian publishers as personalities exert an extremely significant influence on contemporary image-making in Lithuania, which makes the situation in Lithuania different from the respective publishing landscape in foreign countries. Thus, the following conclusion can be drawn: a mere talent of a promising entrepreneur does not necessarily ensure a success in the publishing indu­stry. To a large extent, success depends on a publisher’s comprehensive, well-educated and culturally sophisticated personality.

This article examines the perception of ‘rare’ and ‘common’ languages through literary translations. The study is based on the materials from De Bezige Bij Publishing House in the Netherlands, comparing the periods of 2010—2013 and 2020—2023. A significant increase in the role of translators is reflected in the rise of translation share in the publishing house. There is an observed growth in the number of source languages for translation, with a dec­rease in the proportion of English. Translations from French, Italian, German, Scandinavian languages, Portuguese, and Japanese have emerged. A comparison with the Polyandria Rus­sian Publishing House during the period of 2020—2023 reveals common and distinct source lan­guages. Both publishers translate literature into Danish, Finnish, and French to a similar extent. The Russian publishing house represents Norwegian and Japanese to a greater extent, while the Dutch publishing house releases more translations from German, Swedish, Turkish, and Italian. The Russian publisher also includes Icelandic, Albanian, Korean, and Croatian, while the Dutch publisher includes Hebrew, Romanian, and Portuguese. Both publishers en­com­pass a total of 20 source languages, which is a small number compared to the global lin­guistic diversity. Comparing the volumes of source languages also indicates diffe­ren­ces in pre­ferences. Central European languages are chosen in the Netherlands, while Nor­wegian and Ice­landic are favored in Russia. These differences may be influenced by the cost of rights to works, editorial preferences, and translator availability. The analysis results indicate that neither typological similarity between the source language and the target language, nor association with a specific language group, influences the preference for translating books from a particular language. This highlights the importance of sociocultural factors.

The aim of the article is to investigate the impact of a personality heading a publishing house or a publishing business. The article has shown that almost all Lithuanian publishers are for-profit, small and micro-enterprises, where most of the different processes include a small number of people and the head of a publishing house comes into direct contact with all the publishing processes. The smaller the publishing house is, the more important the role of the head of a publishing house and his/her personality becomes. The analysis of a publisher’s personality was conducted on the basis of the adapted Big Five model, with the conclusion that a publisher’s personality is comparable to the personality characteristics of any entrepreneur. The personality-related analysis of Lithua­nian publishers revealed that those Lithuanian publishers who founded a publishing house are often high-brow, artistic, romantic, ideological personalities who regard publishing more as a cultural mis­sion than a commercial business. The empirical study (interviews conducted with several heads of Lithuanian publishing houses) has disclosed that the role of the head of a publishing house is also affected by such factors as literature genres and scope of publishing activities. It has been found out that the most important and influential personality in a publishing house is usually related to a thorough knowledge of the literature the respective publishing house is specializing in. The perso­nalities of the Lithuanian publishers are not distinctly different from those of foreign publishers: all of them can be characterized as comprehensive and well-rounded personalities, having the ability to find and exploit new opportunities, motivated by the pursuit of lifelong learning, interested in team- work, displaying patience and creativity. The study also identified the following personality traits (which are otherwise not mentioned in literature) – instincts, intuition, the ability to value a book, knowledge of the publishing repertoire and devotion to it as well as cultu­ral choice motives for the publishing industry. In conclusion, the Lithuanian publishers as personalities exert an extremely significant influence on contemporary image-making in Lithuania, which makes the situation in Lithuania different from the respective publishing landscape in foreign countries. Thus, the following conclusion can be drawn: a mere talent of a promising entrepreneur does not necessarily ensure a success in the publishing indu­stry. To a large extent, success depends on a publisher’s comprehensive, well-educated and culturally sophisticated personality.

Dementia is a key health issue worldwide. In Sweden, as in other European countries, most persons with dementia live in domestic settings and are often cared for by their family members. This scoping review aims to describe the perspectives of children and young adults with a parent diagnosed with dementia. Young family members may be alone and without support despite their high level of care burden. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO) were used to search for English-language articles focusing on children and young adults between the ages of 6 and 34 who have a parent diagnosed with dementia. A thematic synthesis of the included articles was performed. Sixteen original published qualitative studies were identified. These studies were categorised based on information about the authors, year of publication, study location, participants, aim of the study, data collection, analysis and main findings. Five main analytical themes were identified: (1) children and young adults identify changes in their parents' behaviour and personality, (2) children and young adults experience changed roles and relationships within the family, (3) children and young adults need to cope with an uncertain future, (4) children and young adults relate changes in their parent to their own mixed emotions and (5) children and young adults need help and seek it out but experience inadequate support. The children and young adults in the included studies seem to provide significant levels of care and support to their affected parent, which may affect their own health, social relations, community participation, employment, education, finances and sense of security. This means that it is important for health care systems and social services to identify barriers to these young family members' access to relevant care and support for themselves.

With the rise of the aging population, many scientists studying multisensory integration have turned toward understanding how this process may change with age. This scoping review was conducted to understand and describe the scope and rigor with which researchers studying audiovisual sensory integration screen for hearing and vision impairment. A structured search in three licensed databases (Scopus, PubMed, and PsychInfo) using the key concepts of multisensory integration, audiovisual modality, and aging revealed 2,462 articles, which were screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Articles were included if they (1) tested healthy older adults (minimum mean or median age of 60) with younger adults as a comparison (mean or median age between 18 and 35), (2) measured auditory and visual integration, (3) were written in English, and (4) reported behavioral outcomes. Articles that included the following were excluded: (1) tested taste exclusively, (2) tested olfaction exclusively, (3) tested somatosensation exclusively, (4) tested emotion perception, (5) were not written in English, (6) were clinical commentaries, editorials, interviews, letters, newspaper articles, abstracts only, or non-peer reviewed literature (e.g., theses), and (7) focused on neuroimaging without a behavioral component. Data pertaining to the details of the study (e.g., country of publication, year of publication, etc.) were extracted, however, of higher importance to our research question, data pertaining to screening measures used for hearing and vision impairment (e.g., type of test used, whether hearing- and visual-aids were worn, thresholds used, etc.) were extracted, collated, and summarized. Our search revealed that only 64% of studies screened for age-abnormal hearing impairment, 51% screened for age-abnormal vision impairment, and that consistent definitions of normal or abnormal vision and hearing were not used among the studies that screened for sensory abilities. A total of 1,624 younger adults and 4,778 older participants were included in the scoping review with males composing approximately 44% and females composing 56% of the total sample and most of the data was obtained from only four countries. We recommend that studies investigating the effects of aging on multisensory integration should screen for normal vision and hearing by using the World Health Organization's (WHO) hearing loss and visual impairment cut-off scores in order to maintain consistency among other aging researchers. As mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been defined as a “transitional” or a “transitory” stage between normal aging and dementia and because approximately 3–5% of the aging population will develop MCI each year, it is therefore important that when researchers aim to study a healthy aging population, that they appropriately screen for MCI. One of our secondary aims was to determine how often researchers were screening for cognitive impairment and the types of tests that were used to do so. Our results revealed that only 55 out of 72 studies tested for neurological and cognitive function, and only a subset used standardized tests. Additionally, among the studies that used standardized tests, the cut-off scores used were not always adequate for screening out mild cognitive impairment. An additional secondary aim of this scoping review was to determine the feasibility of whether a meta-analysis could be conducted in the future to further quantitatively evaluate the results (i.e., are the findings obtained from studies using self-reported vision and hearing impairment screening methods significantly different from those measuring vision and hearing impairment in the lab) and to assess the scope of this problem. We found that it may not be feasible to conduct a meta-analysis with the entire dataset of this scoping review. However, a meta-analysis can be conducted if stricter parameters are used (e.g., focusing on accuracy or response time data only).Systematic Review Registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GTUHD.

YA Twitter versus Handbook for Mortals:A Case Study in Bestseller List Manipulation, Controversy, and the Effects on Library Acquisition Rebekah Fitzsimmons (bio), Karen Viars (bio), and Liz Holdsworth (bio) Located in between "Summer Beach Read" promotions and the "Back to School" book buying push, August usually represents the summer doldrums of Young Adult (YA) publishing. Many YA book professionals have "out of office" replies on their emails or are busy planning big Fall releases for September (Rosen). August 2017 proved an exception to this rule. That summer, Angie Thomas's blockbuster hit The Hate U Give (THUG) had been at the top of the New York Times (NYT) YA Bestseller List since March and was expected to remain for a few weeks more, until YA publishing powerhouse John Green released his highly anticipated Turtles All the Way Down (D. Evans). This quiet summer was disrupted, however, by a controversy that exposed the normally hidden editorial mechanisms of the bestseller list and brought forward cultural assumptions about YA literature normally left unspoken. At 7:55 a.m. on August 24, Phil Stamper, author of two young adult novels and publishing developer at Penguin Random House, noted that an unknown title, Handbook for Mortals (Handbook), had appeared on the advance copy of the NYT YA Bestseller list for the week of September 3.1 Stamper further asserted it was "strange" that a new publishing house, GeekNation, could successfully hit #1 without the usual prerelease buzz, fanfare, or review ratings that accompany a bestselling book launch (@stampepk "I find it"). Stamper noted the book was also out of stock at his local Barnes and Noble and it was unavailable via Amazon. Additionally, online coverage of Handbook's release consisted only of posts by two niche online blogs. Taken together, these red flags indicated to Stamper [End Page 108] that Handbook had not come by its "#1 Bestseller" status honestly: "You shouldn't be able to buy your way onto the @nytimes list. But here we are" he tweeted (@stampepk "You shouldn't"). The saga that unfolded on Twitter over the next twenty-four hours at times resembled the plot of a procedural teen detective show, and is most completely chronicled in an oft-updated Pajiba article by Kayleigh Donaldson. The driving force behind this investigation was individuals from publishing, bookselling, publicity, children's/YA librarianship, and academia, a group loosely and collectively known as "YA Twitter." Almost immediately, YA Twitter began to dig deeper into the publication and sales history of Handbook and its author Lani Sarem. Debut author Sarem, a thirty-seven-year-old white woman, "occasional actress," and former band manager for Blues Traveler and the Plain White Ts, was virtually unknown in the YA publishing industry prior to her book making the bestseller list (Lewis). Calls on Twitter for individuals who had actually purchased a copy (or had been sent an Advanced Reader Copy for the purpose of review and promotion) were met with silence. Donaldson's note at the end of her original article read: "If you have actually heard of or even read this book, please get in touch because we are baffled." Most YA hardcover releases sell approximately 5,000 copies to top the list; NDP BookScan reported that Handbook had sold 18,597 copies (W. Hughes). But the lack of available copies, readers, or online champions of any kind indicated to many "investigators" that the bestseller list mechanisms had been manipulated (Deahl). By 11:00 a.m., the next confounding element of the investigation emerged. Stamper tweeted that he had received a Direct Message (DM) via Twitter from an anonymous bookseller who claimed the store where s/he worked had received a bulk order for Handbook after confirming the bookstore reported to the Times (@stampepk "Well this"; Donaldson).2 Additional sources soon came forward with similar accounts of bulk orders or preorders for book signing events that were not yet scheduled: "Stamper said he and a team of others who have been investigating the book's rise spoke to a Las Vegasbased bookseller who reported that 29 copies of the title had been ordered at all three of the city Barnes & Noble stores" (Deahl).3...

Reviewed by: From Hinton to Hamlet: Building Bridges Between Young Adult Literature and the Classics, and: Young Adult Fiction by African American Writers, 1968–1993: A Critical and Annotated Guide, and: Writers of Multicultural Fiction for Young Adults: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook David L. Russell (bio) Sarah K. Herz with Donald R. Gallo. From Hinton to Hamlet: Building Bridges Between Young Adult Literature and the Classics. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996. Deborah Kutenplon and Ellen Olmstead. Young Adult Fiction by African American Writers, 1968–1993: A Critical and Annotated Guide. New York: Garland, 1996. M. Daphne Kutzer, ed. Writers of Multicultural Fiction for Young Adults: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. Defining Young Adult Literature (YAL) and its place in the larger scheme of literary studies are issues that remain largely unresolved. Nearly everyone who writes on the subject feels compelled to explain YAL and to defend its existence. But that it has achieved something of a coming-of-age is indicated by the growing number of critical and resource books now emerging from the publishing houses. Cases in point are the three works discussed below, which reveal the major strengths and weaknesses of YAL as a genre and as a field of study. [End Page 117] From Hinton to Hamlet: Building Bridges Between Young Adult Literature and the Classics by Sarah K. Herz (Donald R. Gallo made some minor contributions and freely gives the principal credit to Herz) is intended to show high-school English teachers the many possibilities that YAL can bring to their classrooms. Herz’s thesis is that YAL, because it is more readily accessible to teenage readers, affords an opportunity for teachers to ease their students into the great books by showing them the connective themes between the works. Herz opens her book with a description of her personal experience discovering YAL and a brief theoretical discussion. About a third of the book is devoted to showing how certain books for young adults can be used as segues into the classics through their thematic connections. So, for example, Herz identifies several themes in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and then describes several YA books with similar themes, including Avi’s Nothing but the Truth and Paul Zindel’s The Pigman. The premise is that teenagers will appreciate the classics much more once they have seen the thematic similarities between the “great adult books” and their favorite YA books. Some of the connections drawn may seem tenuous at best. For instance, Herz recommends YA books on teen suicide as entrées into Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. And she makes no distinction between psychology and parapsychology when recommending cross-disciplinary readings—so that stories on witchcraft and demonology appear on the same list as stories about teenage obesity. In addition to identifying these bridges between the YA books and the classics, Herz and Gallo’s text is filled with an assortment of practical information for English teachers who have not been adequately introduced to YAL—lists of available catalogues, review journals, bibliographic and reference resources. The authors also provide helpful tips for promoting YA books in the schools, establishing library programs, and using YA books in interdisciplinary studies. Some readers, however, may wish for more teaching tips from Herz—how she excites her students about reading in the first place, how she generates lively book discussions, and how she sustains student interest through the difficult passages. Such success comes not from merely linking YA books with the adult classics; it is the result of patience, passion, and careful and creative planning. This eclectic work includes a considerable amount of helpful advice, but it is to be hoped that readers will not come away from this book convinced of its implication that YAL is fundamentally a stepping-stone to the good stuff. Herz writes as a teacher constrained by a prescribed curriculum. Her aim is not to defend YAL on its own merits. Nor does she [End Page 118] adequately emphasize that good YA books need no apology and no excuse for their inclusion in the curriculum. Good YA books belong in the classroom not only because they speak to contemporary students in their language...

The article examines the semantic adaptation of Spanish loanwords in modern Russian. The present subject exhibits unique scholarly merit owing to the previous lack of comprehensive study. A comparative analysis of the semantic systems of the source and recipient languages is undertaken, with a focus on semantic shifts in Spanish borrowings, their causative factors, recurring patterns, as well as the integration into the lexicon of the recipient language. In the course of the research, a comprehensive array of lexicographical resources was utilized, encompassing academic dictionaries of the Russian language, explanatory dictionaries, and a substantial collection of dictionaries of foreign words from various publication years. Additionally, materials from the National Corpus of the Russian Language were employed. The complex dataset allowed the author to illustrate the presence and diachronic semantic assimilation of Spanish loanwords, influenced by multiple factors. The present study draws upon the methodologies of component and contextual analysis. Consequently, the author identifies three tendencies in the semantic development of Spanish borrowings in the process of their functioning in modern Russian. Firstly, words maintain their status of exoticisms, exhibiting no lexical adaptation or expansion of semantics. Secondly, words evolve metaphorical meanings, as evidenced by the lexeme “hurricane” being used to describe a person of explosive character. Thirdly, the meaning broadens beyond its original scope in the source language. For instance, the Spanish term “armada” in modern Russian can denote not only a set of ships but also airplanes, tanks, and even a group of people.

If Young Adult (YA) literature constitutes one of the social mechanisms that indoctrinate teenagers into working within capitalistic institutions, high school teachers would do well to ask what political and economic ideologies YA fiction invites teenage readers to adopt. This article examines one genre of YA literature—YA dystopian fiction—to understand how it participates in neoliberal discourse. The article begins by defining neoliberalism and describing some of its core assumptions. Responding to arguments that regard YA dystopia as reproducing neoliberalism and its attendant ideologies, the article next examines how the critical dystopia, a type of dystopia that emerged in the 1980s and which critiques oppressive systems by depicting characters who resist them, models strategies for resisting neoliberalism. To demonstrate the different stances that YA dystopias can take in regard to neoliberalism, the article then examines the different degrees of emphasis that three popular YA novels—Divergent (Roth, 2011), The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008), and Orleans (Smith, 2013)—place on individual exceptionalism, competition, and systemic oppression rooted in gender, race, and class. To conclude, the article discusses the implications for high school teachers of asking students to critique neoliberalism in YA literature, and in their lives more broadly.

This article analyzes the publications relating to the problem of tax evasion. This topic is attractive not only for the academic community, but also for public at whole. The article explores to what extent the scientific publications on tax evasion correspond to practical issues discussed among the stakeholders. We used the electronic database of e-Library as a source of scientific publications on the subject. The principal stakeholders directly dependent on the taxation are the taxpayers and public authorities. We used the electronic database of publications «Kommersant» publishing house and the «Rossiyskaya Gazeta» to reflect issues discussed among the stakeholders. We selected for analyze 301 publications for the period of 2013-2015. The study was conducted by comparing the publication activity by types and period of publications. In the first stage of the study we have done the qualitative content analysis by identification the common themes discussed in hole sample of publications. Then, a quantitative analysis was conducted by comparing the distribution of publications on a particular topic from each source. We used bibliometric analysis method for the quantitative and bibliographic mapping method to visualize the results of research. Calculations were performed using the software QDA Miner v.5.0 module WordStat v.7.1.7. As a result, studies have concluded that the most popular topics of interest for which no changes are: changes in legislation, legislation and increased enforcement. Using the results of the conducted study, we can identify the main similarities and differences between the monitored sources. We can see the special attention to the: Legislation changes, Law enforcement, Entrepreneurship. Marked reduction of interest can be noted regarding to the following topics: International aspects of taxation, Shadow economy, Ownership, property, investment. The growth of interest can be noted in relation to the following topics: Directorship, Article of the Tax Code, Short-lived companies, Arrears and fines. The study revealed a certain disparity between the topics discussed among academic community and stakeholders. The topics discussed in the majority of scientific texts (shadow economy, corruption, the firm one-day, social security contributions), a much rarer can be found in the publication of «Kommersant» and «Rossiyskaya Gazeta» which focuses mainly on matters of legislation. Analysis of the relationships in the texts according to the source and year of publication showed that research topics converge with issues considered by the public authorities. The business community more involved in discussion the legal issues, because the government notion works upon the impression about tax evasion of the business community and academia. Thus, bibliometric text analysis techniques can be used for research, preparation of literature reviews and thematic information retrieval.

Young adult literature as a literary genre is broadly defined as fiction featuring young adult characters with whom young adult readers can relate. As the genre of young adult literature has evolved and more titles have been published and marketed toward young adult readers, media and technology have been variously represented as elements in the lives of characters, means through which characters address problems, and focal factors of the problem presented to characters. Particular representations of media and technology in realistic, dystopic, and science fiction examples of young adult literature include, but are not limited to, digital communication, social media, and surveillance technology. These examples are often not representative of diverse young adult readers and their life experiences.

The focus of this study was to survey the monographs related to the Holocaust that were written for children and young adults, in order to examine specific characteristics of the literature such as monograph type (historical fiction or non-fiction, children's or young adult), whether illustrated or not, publisher, and year of publication; protagonist gender dominance, age, type of experience, and the relationship of that fact to collection placement; and physical setting by country and specific location.

On a global scale, hypertension ranks third among the six major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The risk of heart disease, stroke, and renal failure is all significantly increased by hypertension. We looked for papers on risk factors associated with hypertension in young adults on Google Scholar and PubMed. "Hypertension," "young adults," and "risk factors" were the search terms. Eligibility testing wasdone in a standardized, non-blinded way. The first author, year ofpublication,subjectrelated to hypertension in young adults, and risk factors associated with hypertension in young adults were all retrieved from each paper. A PubMed search yielded 150 results. In all, 10 papers were considered in our review, which were published between 2017 and 2021. Most of the studies considered were carried out by foreign research groups. Adults who smoke, chew tobacco, drink alcohol, are obese, engage in sedentary behavior, consume too much salt, and have unhealthy lifestyles are at a higher risk of developing hypertension. In addition to these risk factors, there were additional important risk variables such as illiteracy, illness ignorance, a disregard for one's health, and a society that values men more than women. The way of life is radically altering because of people adjusting to Western culture.Smoking, drinking, being overweight, and eating too much salt are the primary risk factors for hypertension. This shows that in order to live a happier and healthier life, it is important to increase people's understanding of and attitudes toward the prevention and control of hypertension.