Abstract
Objective: to know the process of transition and adaptation to the experience with elimination intestinal stoma. Methods: a descriptive-exploratory, mixed study conducted between May and July 2018 through a semi-structured interview and application of the body image scale with 13 people with a stoma, at the postoperative return in a federal hospital in the south of the country. The data analysis was by thematic categories and simple descriptive analysis. Results: The data showed a parity between the genders, mean age of 60.5 years, most parts married, with low education level, and away from work activities. The leading generator causes of stoma were neoplasias, stomas with more than six months, and temporary. The most frequently identified complications were intestinal loop prolapse and dermatitis. The most significant changes occurred in the food pattern, clothing, social behavior, and body image reflexes. The premorbid body subscale had an average of 22.23 points, and the subscale morbid body had an average of 15.15 points. Conclusion: The condition of being a person with a stoma has an impact on the way the individual sees their body. It is essential to highlight that individuals at risk of maladaptation are identified and addressed as early as possible.
Highlights
Elimination intestinal stomas have the purpose of temporarily or permanently to divert the intestinal transit for curative or palliative purposes when some part of the intestine presents dysfunction
The body image is the person’s perception of its own body, the figure created in mind and how it presents itself to each individual, varying lifelong, and can be influenced by the context in which the person is
Regarding the generator cause of stoma, there was a high incidence of neoplasias (69%), with the majority of participants have had a stoma for more than six months (46%), 10 with a temporary stoma
Summary
Elimination intestinal stomas have the purpose of temporarily or permanently to divert the intestinal transit for curative or palliative purposes when some part of the intestine presents dysfunction. The process of making a stoma, be it in any portion of the intestine, temporary or definitive, requires specialized nursing care. People who need such a procedure have their life perspective altered, due to the fear of the surgical act, the doubts and desires of the life after that, besides the changes in the body image due to the presence of the stoma and the collector bag. The body image is the person’s perception of its own body, the figure created in mind and how it presents itself to each individual, varying lifelong, and can be influenced by the context in which the person is. It refers to the figure that one has in mind, of size, image, and shape, expressing feelings related to these characteristics[3]
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