Abstract
Orientation: This multiple qualitative case study provides a change leadership framework through augmentation of Kotter’s eight-step change leadership model. This framework provides practical guidelines for the implementation of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE).Research purpose: To establish a transformational change leadership framework for B-BBEE implementation, applying Kotter’s eight-step change leadership model.Motivation for the study: It is not clear to what extent a transformational change leadership framework can be applied for the improved implementation of B-BBEE in South African organisations.Research design, approach and method: This is a multiple qualitative case study with a constructivist philosophy. Sixteen organisations were purposively selected from the Top 100 rated Most Empowered Companies. Five B-BBEE transformation experts were selected for interviewing. The five participants were executives aged between 35 and 50 years: female (4), male (1), black people (2) and white people (3). Deductive thematic analysis was done using pre-defined themes and Kotter’s change leadership steps. Inductive perspectives were applied when new insights were gained.Main findings: The transformational change leadership framework for the implementation of B-BBEE incorporated Kotter’s steps and additional essential elements.Practical/managerial implications: The study proposes that a transformational change leadership framework could be used for implementing successful, sustainable B-BBEE in South Africa.Contribution/value-add: Different elements contributed the B-BBEE transformational change leadership framework, namely: the role of leadership; leaders’ personal commitment, values and beliefs; and support in driving effective transformation. A willing culture seems essential for sustainable climate of change that leads to transformation maturity.
Highlights
Since 1993 the South African government has created a comprehensive, progressive legislative framework for the redress of social, economic and political inequalities and the transformation of the economy (Denton & Vloeberghs 2003; Horwitz & Jain 2011)
The findings indicated three levels of empowerment: basic awareness: ‘At holding company level, people are very much http://www.actacommercii.co.za aware’ (Participant 2), training on the 2013 Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) Codes of Good Practice and involvement in the implementation of B-BBEE: ‘At the subsidiaries, they need to be heavily involved’ (Participant 2)
The findings indicated that organisations recognised the need for continued efforts to implement B-BBEE and transformation: ‘This is like a major effort for the company, and we know it is not something that stops because we got a specific level and it stops’ (Participant 2)
Summary
Since 1993 the South African government has created a comprehensive, progressive legislative framework for the redress of social, economic and political inequalities and the transformation of the economy (Denton & Vloeberghs 2003; Horwitz & Jain 2011). Several studies provide insight into reasons for failure to bring about true transformation. These include: a lack of commitment from leadership or management (Booysen 2007; Krüger 2011); leadership failure to understand the complex nature of transformation (Leonard & Grobler 2006); white fears (Booysen 2007), negative perceptions towards B-BBEE (Krüger 2011); the abuse of the term http://www.actacommercii.co.za
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