Transformation processes of infrastructural institutions of the national innovation system of Russia in the context of import substitution of innovations

Abstract

At the present stage, the infrastructure institutions of the National Innovation System are being actively transformed, caused primarily by the instability of the geopolitical situation, economic and political sanctions against Russia carried out by the states of Western Europe and the United States. In this regard, in order to preserve and develop state technological sovereignty and further improve innovation policy, it is necessary to improve the institutional innovation infrastructure. The national innovation system, taking into account the transformational processes in the innovation market, has a special role in improving the institutions for ensuring innovation activity, consisting of their interconnected economic entities and institutional organizations that interact with each other in the process of creating innovations. The transformation processes of NIS infrastructure institutions represent transformations of the structure of the innovation economy, methods and forms, as well as the target orientation of integrated support for the development and production of innovations, representing the main development of innovation activity. The author notes in the article that the development of any system includes functional and structural transformation associated with the preservation of its basic functions and the stability of its activities. As certain changes accumulate, a transformation begins in the system, which includes: first, changes in quantitative and qualitative parameters, and later, as they accumulate and the properties of the system change, its transformation occurs due to qualitative changes in parameters, culminating in the creation of a new system. Currently, the transformation of the innovation infrastructure is aimed at the integration of foreign economic activity and the formation of conditions for the creation of their own innovative industries that do not depend on imported technologies and components. A specific feature of the integration infrastructure is that it is the basic subsystem of innovative industrial production. The proposed comprehensive approach to the implementation of transformational processes in the innovation infrastructure is based on the criteria of its formation: functional purpose, territorial structure, industry orientation in the production of innovations. The use of an integrated approach to infrastructure transformation makes it possible to identify current trends and trends in its development. A new scientific result is a model of transformation of the institutes of the innovation infrastructure of NIS, with a key object – the national innovation cluster, which is an analogue of NIS. Also, as new scientific results, the author introduces the following concepts: «network institutes» and «institutes of digital twins».