Transfer of cefazolin into human milk

Abstract

phate load will be rapidly excreted by the kidney in the presence of normal glomerular and tubular function, but only in conjunction with a cation to preserve electroneutrality. This is a possible explanation for the large concentration of cations (sodium and potassium) noted in the random urine specimen obtained at the time of the initial admission. In the presence of extracellular volume contraction and increased aldosterone production, a significant proportion of this cation loss could be potassium. The use of enemas, especially hypertonic phosphate enemas, has become routine in pediatrics in preparation for roentgen studies and in the treatment of chronic constipation. Although enemas given to normal individuals usually do not cause electrolyte imbalance, children with abnormal colons or impaired renal function are especially prone to fluid and electrolyte disturbances following the administration of enemas. If the chronic use of enemas cannot be avoided, such patients should be monitored with periodic determinations of serum electrolyte, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations.