Abstract
With the worldwide increase in life expectancy, the human desire to maintain youth and beauty has intensified, leading to rapid advances in the cosmetic industry. However, recently proposed peptide-based formulations with anti-aging properties exhibit low skin-penetration ability. To overcome this limitation, an anti-wrinkle peptide (Regentide®-AWP013; RG) with time- and dose-dependent cell proliferation, wound-healing activity, and no cytotoxicity was developed in this study. The stability and efficacy of RG were improved using solvent-free thermosponge nanoparticles (TNPs) comprising FDA-approved biocompatible materials, which were developed using a simple nanoprecipitation method. The temperature-responsive TNPs efficiently encapsulated RG in aqueous solutions (without any organic solvents), thus improving the cellular uptake and skin-penetration ability of RG. The loading content of RG in TNPs was optimized by monitoring the changes in the physicochemical properties of the RG-loaded TNPs (RG@TNP). The optimally loaded RG@TNP showed long-term stability under physiological conditions, with better skin-penetration ability than free RG. In clinical trials, the RG@TNP showed excellent anti-aging effects on eye wrinkles; it improved skin elasticity and reduced skin pigmentation and sagging, indicating a massive potential in the cosmetic industry. The results obtained in this study confirm the ability of TNPs to efficiently encapsulate peptides with anti-wrinkle properties that improve their stability and skin-penetration ability.
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