Abstract
ABSTRACT Phytophthora parasitica is one of the most widespread Phytophthora species, which is known to cause root rot, foot rot/gummosis and brown rot of fruits in citrus. In this study, we have analyzed the transcriptome of a commonly used citrus rootstock Carrizo citrange in response to P. parasitica infection using the RNA-seq technology. In total, we have identified 6692 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) among P. parasitica-inoculated and mock-treated roots. Of these, 3960 genes were differentially expressed at 24 h post inoculation and 5521 genes were differentially expressed at 48 h post inoculation. Gene ontology analysis of DETs suggested substantial transcriptional reprogramming of diverse cellular processes particularly the biotic stress response pathways in Carrizo citrange roots. Many R genes, transcription factors, and several other genes putatively involved in plant immunity were differentially modulated in citrus roots in response to P. parasitica infection. Analysis reported here lays out a strong foundation for future studies aimed at improving resistance of citrus rootstocks to P. parasitica.
Highlights
Innate immune system of plants comprises of two major layers of defense responses (Dodds and Rathjen et al, 2010)
In the first layer of defense, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are localized to the host cell membranes, recognize highly conserved molecules or structures of pathogens known as pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and activate PAMP-Triggered Immunity (PTI); PTI leads to an array of basal defense responses that combat pathogen invasion
Genetic resistance among wild and cultivated plants against wide variety of phytopathogens are the best resources that can be utilized to develop the most economical and environmentally friendly strategies to fight against Phytophthora diseases
Summary
Innate immune system of plants comprises of two major layers of defense responses (Dodds and Rathjen et al, 2010). Plant resistance (R) proteins perceive these modulations leading to the activation of downstream defense signaling, which result in local cell death or hypersensitive response (HR) to prevent the spread of the pathogen. Several P. infestans resistance genes (Rpi) have been identified in tomato, potato and other plants and they are currently being used in many Phytophthora resistant cultivars (Rodewald and Trognitz, 2013; Zhu et al, 2012). Most of these Rpi genes are race-specific in recognizing their cognate. Potential uses of the outcomes of our analyses for developing rootstocks that are tolerant to Phytophthora, especially in the context of disease complexes are discussed
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