Abstract
BackgroundHeat and drought are serious threats for crop growth and development. As the sixth largest cereal crop in the world, pearl millet can not only be used for food and forage but also as a source of bioenergy. Pearl millet is highly tolerant to heat and drought. Given this, it is considered an ideal crop to study plant stress tolerance and can be used to identify heat-resistant genes.ResultsIn this study, we used Pacbio sequencing data as a reference sequence to analyze the Illumina data of pearl millet that had been subjected to heat and drought stress for 48 h. By summarizing previous studies, we found 26,299 new genes and 63,090 new transcripts, and the number of gene annotations increased by 20.18%. We identified 2792 transcription factors and 1223 transcriptional regulators. There were 318 TFs and 149 TRs differentially expressed under heat stress, and 315 TFs and 128 TRs were differentially expressed under drought stress. We used RNA sequencing to identify 6920 genes and 6484 genes differentially expressed under heat stress and drought stress, respectively.ConclusionsThrough Pacbio sequencing, we have identified more new genes and new transcripts. On the other hand, comparing the differentially expressed genes under heat tolerance with the DEGs under drought stress, we found that even in the same pathway, pearl millet responds with a different protein.
Highlights
Heat and drought are serious threats for crop growth and development
This study demonstrated the changes of pearl millet under 48 h heat stress and drought stress at the molecular level, which provided a new concept to study the tolerance of pearl millet
A total of 63,090 new transcripts, 26,299 new genes were identified, and annotations increased by 20.18% Pearl millet is a versatile grain that can be used as grain, hay and green fodder
Summary
Heat and drought are serious threats for crop growth and development. As the sixth largest cereal crop in the world, pearl millet can be used for food and forage and as a source of bioenergy. Pearl millet is highly tolerant to heat and drought. It is considered an ideal crop to study plant stress tolerance and can be used to identify heat-resistant genes. Pearl millet is highly tolerant to heat because its root branchings and flowering speed increase along with the growth of new leaves at certain high temperature levels [4]. Previous reports distinguish pearl millet as a crop that is highly resistant toward drought. Pearl millet is an ideal material to study the mechanism of heat and drought resistance of cereal crops. Studies on the root activity [4], seed germination rate [8] and seedling growth rate of pearl millet under heat stress [9] have previously been reported. Studies on the sequencing of pearl millet under drought stress are still limited [13, 14]
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