Abstract
In plants, leaf is crucial for photosynthesis and respiration. Leaf area and quantity are important for leaf vegetables to increase biomass. The process of leaf development involves coordinated regulation among small RNAs, transcription factors and hormones. Here, we found leaf size were regulated by transcription factors NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 in Arabidopsis. NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 overexpression increased biomass accumulation through promoting leaf growth and cell expansion. NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 were expressed in SAM and leaf vasculature. Endogenous IAA content reduced by 20% and 24% in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 compared to wild-type plants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 bound directly to the cis-element CCAAT in the promoter of the YUC2, and decreased the expression of YUC2, a YUCCA family gene. The auxin transporter gene PIN1 and auxin response factor1 and 2 (ARF1 and ARF2) genes, transcriptional repressors, were downregulated. These findings showed leaf development was regulated by NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 through the auxin-signaling pathway and may provide a new insight into the genetic engineering of vegetables biomass and crop productivity.
Highlights
Leaves are photosynthetic tissues and very important for the success of plants
The biomass of NF-YA2 OE and NF-YA10 OE were increased by 24% and 28% compared to NT (Fig. 1e)
We found that NF-YA2 and NF-YA10 genes were involved in leaf initiation and growth
Summary
The process of leaf development is composed of primordia initiation, lamina expansion and margin formation, involves coordinated regulation among small RNAs, transcription factors and hormones[1]. Auxin is a key hormone that is responsible for modulating many aspects of plant growth, including root and leaf architecture, organ patterning, and vascular development[16]. The miR169 isoforms present distinct expression patterns during development[20], in response to biotic[21] or abiotic stresses[22, 23], suggesting a functional specialization. The NF-Y genes present differential expression patterns during development[34,35,36,37], or in response to environmental conditions[38, 39], suggesting that, in different organs or under certain stimuli, only some combinations of subunits can be assembled to form the trimeric functional NF-Y factor. Our data suggested that NF-YA2/10 can directly interact with YUC2 promoter, and decreased YUC2 expression, which in turn regulates the synthesis of auxin
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