Abstract
Electrochemomechanical deformation (ECMD) of the conducting polymer polyaniline filmis studied to investigate the behaviour of actuation under tensile loads. The ECMD wasinduced by the strains due to the insertion of ionic species (cyclic strain) and a creep due toapplied loads during the redox cycle. The cyclic strain was enhanced by the experience ofhigh tensile loads, indicating a training effect. The training effect was explained by theenhanced electrochemical activity of the film. The creep was recovered by removal of thetensile load and several electrochemical cycles. This fact indicates that the creep resultsfrom the one-dimensional anisotropic deformation, and is retained (shape retention) by theionic crosslink. The recovery of creep results from the elastic relaxation of the polymerconformation.
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