Tradycja ideowa Stepana Bandery we współczesnej myśli politycznej Ukrainy

The article analyzes peculiarities of Ukraine’s memory policy in 2014-2019 in the context of its European integration aspirations.
 The features of the politics of memory / historical politics in Ukraine are described after the dramatic events of the end of 2013-2014, which were proclaimed as a “Revolution of Dignity” (or “Euromaidan”). These events were also connected with the beginning of Russian aggression in the East of Ukraine, with the beginning of so called “Leninopad” (demolition of monuments to Lenin) and forced decommunization up until 2019. That is, to the changes in the political class of Ukraine related to the election of the 6-th President Volodymyr Zelensky. Undoubtedly, memory policy will change and its content will receive a separate consideration in the nearest future. The author of this article first of all strived to stimulate broader scholarly discussions on this topic. Scientist’s conscience demands to be modest in answering even those questions that appear simple at first sight. The scientific novelty is to summarize the key trends of the memory policy in Ukraine in 2014-2019 and to identify a number of problems that have a negative impact on Ukraine’s European integration process. The article considers Ukrainian experience of memory policy as a mechanism for influencing political reality.
 Memory policy refers to effective mechanisms for influencing political reality, in particular, to change the degree of social consolidation, citizens’ self-awareness, the formation and strengthening of collective identities. In 2014-2019 the gradual awareness of the effectiveness of these mechanisms caused the increase of interest in collective memory, which was demonstrated by the leaders of the state, politicians, political parties and civil society structures. The formation and implementation of memory policy in Ukraine were getting increasingly conscious and directed. The search for such a model of memory policy, which would be able to promote the consolidation of these groups into a united civil society, to convert a diversity of the images of the past of Ukraine into its resource, not its problem. This is also encouraged by the ongoing Russian hybrid aggression. One of its manifestations appears a permanent imposing on Ukrainians of the imperial-Soviet image of the past by the propaganda structures of the Russian Federation. This is prompted by a well-defined strategy for Ukraine’s European integration. As the experience of 2014-2019 has shown, Ukraine with some of foundations of its historical policy fits quite organically into the pan-European scheme (for example, by strengthening the influence and role of civil society in this area). At the same time, there were some problems during the mentioned period. First of all, they were related to the search for an adequate model of the collective memory, which focuses on the value of the state as a common homeland and a human rights’ guarantee. An important step was 2014 decommunization policy in Ukraine. By condemning totalitarianism (Nazi and Soviet models), it ensured that Ukraine’s public space was cleansed of communist symbolism (though not definitively). At the same time, it has created new risks and new questions that need to be discussed and answered with the obligatory participation of expert scientists.

The Russian aggression against Ukraine and its historical accompaniment (which is used for propaganda) made the question of the answer relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze the fundamental principles for the formation of the latest historical policy in the context of the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war. To implement this task, general scientific and special historical research methods were used (content analysis, prognostic method, comparative, typological, and systemic methods. The results considered the development of historical policy in Ukraine until 2022 and the main aspects of the formation of the current situation of this field and its future prospects. It was determined that at the state level, the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory forms the policy of memory. Young Ukrainian historical policy, however, has always been under the pressure of Russian influence, which directed a part of society against the decommunization and de-Sovietization of the historical past. In the future, it is important to review the existence of former Soviet institutions and their socio-cultural activities. An important stage is the official registration of decolonization processes at the legislative level. The conclusions draw attention to the importance of not only contemporary events getting into Ukrainian historical politics.

The article studies the peculiarities of formation and implementation of the state agrarian policy in modern Ukraine. The essence and concept of the state agrarian policy as a strategic course of state regulation of the agro-industrial complex are analyzed. The principles, directions and tools for implementing such a policy are considered. Particular attention is paid to the historical stages of development of agricultural policy in Ukraine - from the Soviet period to the present. The author analyzes the impact of market transformations and European integration processes on the evolution of state agricultural policy. The peculiarities of the formation of the modern model of state agricultural policy under the influence of global and national challenges - climate change, technological and social challenges, economic and geopolitical instability, Russian aggression against Ukraine - are investigated. The author formulates priority areas for improving state support for the agrarian sector of the economy under martial law, such as food security, infrastructure reconstruction, compensation for losses of producers, etc. The article also emphasizes that agrarian policy is an important type of state policy, as it concerns the strategic sector of the country's economy - the agro-industrial complex. The level of food security of the state directly depends on the efficiency of the formation and implementation of the state agricultural policy. The author emphasizes that the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of the State agricultural policy are influenced by both internal factors (historical context, sectoral specifics) and global challenges (climate change, technological development, international competition). This requires a comprehensive approach and consideration of national interests. The author analyzes the priority directions and instruments for the formation and implementation of the State agricultural policy in the context of modern challenges, in particular, Russian military aggression. It is emphasized that under such conditions the State agricultural policy should be flexible and adaptive, capable of rapid transformation, taking into account the needs of the industry. Thus, the article comprehensively analyzes the relationship between current global and national challenges and the specifics of the formation of the State agricultural policy, and identifies the priority areas for improving its strategies and instruments in the context of crises and conflicts.

"Three Revolutions: Mobilization and Change in Contemporary Ukraine II. An Oral History of the Revolution on Granite, Orange Revolution, and Revolution of Dignity." Europe-Asia Studies, 73(2), pp. 419–420

This article analyzes personification as a historical policy strategy, which consists in the memorialization of certain historical and cultural figures. The relevance of this analysis is determined by the dominance of this strategy in modern historical policy as well as its popularity among various policy actors in Ukraine at different levels of executive power. At the same time, the choice of this strategy is usually not substantiated in official documents, which entails that conclusions can be drawn mostly based on policy results, retrospectively. The author outlines the genesis of personification traditions in Ukraine, formed within the frameworks of citizen, activist and patriarchal types of political culture. Ukraine’s inclusion into imperial entities such as the Russian Empire and the USSR led to a significant impact of imperial memory policy on the traditions and formats of commemoration in Ukraine. The study focuses on the phenomenon of “vozhdism” (leaderism) and the formation of the Soviet official pantheon. The author attempts to define the concept of pantheon as an imaginary set of iconic figures of history and culture, recognized as worthy of homage in the civic rituals of common commemoration. There is a correlation between the functions of the national pantheon and the choices of figures made as well as the appropriate vocabulary required. This correlation is illustrated through perceptions of heroes, which often become an instrument of ideological mobilization. Modern historiography offers an alternative understanding of heroes, with an emphasis on cultural, ethical and academic leadership. This understanding is increasingly influencing the formation of historical policy, particularly in Ukraine. It is also promising to interpret heroes as integrators, especially given the challenge of consolidation facing historical policy in Ukraine. The findings suggest that personification is neither a universal nor a self-evident tool for achieving this goal. There are other promising strategies focusing on events (“eventfulness”) and processes (“procedurality”).

The article is devoted to the topical issue of normative field formation of social policy in modern Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to define the concept and peculiarities of formation and implementation of social policy in modern Ukraine in the legal field. Methods of research applied: the specific search method (theoretical analysis, synthesis, systematization of existing legal documents) and the method of theoretical and structural clarification of the conceptual apparatus. It is established that «social policy» is a multifaceted concept: it is considered by scholars from different perspectives ‒ legal, economic, sociological, and pedagogical. Thus, each of the definitions presents a certain aspect of social policy in two ways: 1) as a set of measures of society and the State aimed at achieving social goals; 2) as the State policy whose main task is to ensure the State-building capabilities of society members. The authors substantiate the legal basis for the formation of social policy in Ukraine, based on the norms of international legal acts ratified by Ukraine (acts of the UN, ILO, Council of Europe, etc.) aimed at creating and ensuring the implementation of universally recognized humanistic and democratic world standards for solving social problems (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Social Charter, the European Social Security Code, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, etc.). The analysis of the legal framework for social policy in Ukraine demonstrates the need for a thorough analysis and examination of social legislation with a view to determining its compliance with international standards; development of a model of the social state based on the rule of law, taking into account the objective conditions of society's life; formation of a new concept of interaction between the State and a person, etc.

The purpose of this article is to reveal specific features of the history of the formation and development of housing policy in Ukraine from the ХІХ century to the present time has been researched. Obtaining research results became possible due to the application of general philosophical and special methods of scientific cognition. The factors that influenced the development of housing policy have been established. It has been clarified that the problem of providing housing historically was initially considered as the problem of an individual person, and only later – one of the issues of the state policy. Such key stages of the development of housing policy as the initiation of housing policy in the ХІХ century, the development of housing policy after the First and Second World Wars, modern challenges of housing policy have been analyzed. It has been emphasized that international standards and recommendations for the formation of housing policy were formed at the beginning of the ХХ century. It has been established that there was a large-scale reconstruction of the housing stock and the construction of typical multi-apartment buildings after the end of the Second World War. It has been emphasized that Ukraine's housing policy after obtaining independence in 1991 had undergone significant changes. It was confirmed by the massive privatization of housing by Ukrainian citizens and the growth of the share of the private housing stock. The authors have offered own periodization of the stages for the formation and development of housing policy in Ukraine, starting from the ХІХ century and up to nowadays. The importance of the historical approach for further development of housing policy, taking into account economic, social and political aspects, has been emphasized.

The development of the state depends on the development of youth. Young people, as the most active and mobile group, always support the reform of the social and political system in the state, quickly react to problems and implement the necessary changes. The possibility of young people to set up any needs forms prospects for the life of the state. Therefore, the necessary task of strategic development of Ukraine, as any country, is implementation and realization of high-quality, clear and grounded national state policy confirm urgency of the chosen theme. The object of the study is the analysis of the state and prospects of youth policy development in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the qualitative and effective development of youth policy. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of formation and search for prospects for the development of youth policy in Ukraine. When writing the work, the works of domestic and foreign authors were studied in relation to the essence, problems and improvement of youth policy. The regulatory and legal framework was also considered, in particular: the laws of Ukraine, the National Youth Strategy and the Regional Program «Youth of Lviv Region», internet resources, mass media, websites of the Department of Youth and Sports of the State Regional Government of Ukraine and the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Ukraine. In the course of the study, a detailed analysis of the situation of youth and the state of formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine in general and in the Lviv region was carried out. The result of this analysis was the identification of positive and negative trends in the field of work with youth, the search for strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of policy in the Lviv region, as well as the establishment of prospects for the development of youth policy. In particular, the main problems identified during the research are: the lack of a clear target audience due to the too wide age range of «youth», unification in certain areas of youth and family policy, paternalistic character, weak regional interaction and low level of integration of youth to the implementation of youth policy and the imperfection of legal regulation. The results of the work include: analysis of the main indicators of the state and prospects for the development of youth policy (in Ukraine and Lviv region); detailed analysis of the problems of formation and development of youth policy (in Ukraine and Lviv region); the results of the youth survey regarding the current state of youth policy implementation in the territory of Lviv region.

The aim of the study is to reveal the content of the phenomenon of “memory war” as a factor in the formation of memory policy in Ukraine in the period from 2014. The research methodology is interdisciplinary, combining methods of historical, political, sociological and legal sciences. The main results of the research: the content of the concept of “memory policy” is revealed, the structure of memory policy in modern Ukraine is determined. It is proved that historical memory is a key element of the whole identification system and due to the fact that historical memory is a highly politicized segment of public consciousness, it can quickly become a factor of social tension and civil confrontation, become a source of national disintegration. This is facilitated by the multiplicity (polarity) of historical memory, so the conceptual basis of memory policy should be the desire to achieve the integrity (monolithic) of the nation’s memory, to overcome polarity and controversy in assessments of the historical past. It was stressed that a certain consensus can be reached on a nationwide historical grand narrative in Ukraine if the objective existence of the Ukrainian nation and the existence of Ukraine as an independent and sovereign state are recognized. The practical significance of the achieved results is due to the fact that in the conditions of the hybrid war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine the state policy of memory is called to promote formation of monolithic historical memory, search of optimum balance of historical plots which would, on the one hand, prevent erosion of ethnocultural basis of historical memory, and on the other – would contribute to the awareness of national history as a permanent process of interaction and interdependence of different cultures. The originality of the study lies in the fact that the influence of historical policy on the course of the hybrid war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is revealed.

Problem setting. This article is devoted to the study of the problems of formation and implementation of municipal legal policy. The innovative component of municipal legal policy is studied in relation to the essence of this political and legal phenomenon, as well as the elemental composition of this direction of legal policy. Attention is drawn to the tools and means of the municipal legal policy, in particular, those that are innovation-oriented. It is about the fact that municipal legal policy includes goal-oriented and coordinated activities of state authorities, local self-government bodies and officials, civil society institutions, territorial communities and individual citizens, which is carried out with a common goal and within the rules and orders prescribed by current legislative acts, and ultimately, orients society to the optimization of municipal legal regulation. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issues related to the formation of the main directions and problems of implementation of municipal and municipal legal policy are poorly understood. At the same time, issues related to the formation of the State’s legal policy have repeatedly become the center of scientific discussions. Thus, issues related to the formation and implementation of the State legal policy were the focus of attention of such scholars as V. I. Andriyash, N. A. Zheleznyak, O. V. Skrypniuk, D. O. Tikhomirova, and others. Scientific research on certain aspects of municipal legal policy includes the works of O. Akhmerov, O. Batanov, V. Popovych, R. Hwan and others. Purpose of research is to study the main issues related to the formation and implementation of municipal legal policy, to highlight the innovative component of modern municipal legal policy, and also to clarify the role of local selfgovernment in the formation and implementation of innovation-oriented municipal legal policy in Ukraine. Article’s main body. It is established that despite the fact that the state still remains the leading actor in the field of municipal legal policy formation, local self-government bodies are increasingly integrated into the process of municipal legal policy formation and implementation on the local level. After all, the provision of the proper conditions aimed, first of all, at improving the process of formation and implementation of municipal legal policy, depends to a greater extend on the initiative and responsible territorial community, as well as on the local self-government bodies and officials, acting within the limits of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, adapting decisions on local conditions and needs. The main problems of the path of post-war renovation of territories are identified, the importance of understanding the role of not only the state, but also regions in the process of post-war reconstruction and renovation of the territories, regions and the state as a whole is emphasized. Attention is drawn for the need of a radical revision of approaches of understanding, problems of the formation and implementation of municipal legal policy in Ukraine, taking into account objective factors and conditions. During martial law in Ukraine, it is impossible to meet all the conditions necessary for the comprehensive and consistent implementation of innovation-oriented municipal legal policy. At the same time, the creation of an infrastructural, resource, organizational and legal basis for the post-war successive implementation of the steps of innovation-oriented municipal legal policy is carried out mainly or thanks to the processes of municipal management, which is carried out, in particular, through the institution of local self-government. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, despite the leading role of the state in the formation and implementation of municipal legal policy, the role and importance of local self-government in this process should not be underestimated. Today, local self-government acquires the status of one of the key agents in the formation and implementation of innovation-oriented municipal legal policy during martial law, as well as in the period of post-war reconstruction. Key words: state, innovation-oriented municipal legal policy, local self-government, municipal legal policy, post-war renovation.

The scientific article is devoted to researching the issue of regulatory and legal regulation and implementation of youth policy by the main subjects in Ukraine. The method of interaction between normative regulation and the implementation of youth policy by the subjects of youth policy is determined. A comparison of the concepts of subjects of youth policy implementation and subjects of work in the field of youth policy as a subject of youth policy implementation in general has been carried out. The goal of the formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine is given. The article reveals the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the topic, defines the concepts of "youth policy", "subjects of youth policy implementation", "normative and legal regulation". The significance of the state and state bodies in the field of formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine is given. The features of national and local programs of youth policy, as well as the normative legal acts that establish them, are determined. Public associations in the field of youth policy have been identified, in particular youth and children's public associations. The profile law in the field of youth policy in Ukraine is analyzed. The opinions of scientists regarding the interaction of youth policy subjects with normative consolidation in the context of youth policy implementation are given. The article contains an analysis of the laws of Ukraine and subordinate legal acts regulating youth policy in Ukraine. The scientific article defines the role of the Ministry of Youth and Disputes of Ukraine as the central body of executive power in the field of formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine. The article summarizes information about the importance of national and international organizations in the field of youth policy implementation and interaction with other youth policy subjects.

Досліджено та визначено євроінтеграційні орієнтири і напрямки формування екологічної політики в контексті сталого розвитку регіонів в Україні. Обґрунтовано, що в контексті децентралізації державного управління посилюється роль місцевого самоврядування в управлінні екологічною сферою, а отже, і формування регіональної екологічної політики. Виокремлено такі євроінтеграційні орієнтири формування екологічної політики в Україні в контексті сталого розвитку регіонів: адаптація і приведення національного екологічного законодавства до європейських стандартів; впровадження європейського досвіду застосування економічних механізмів реалізації екологічної політики, які засновані на принципі “забруднювач платить”; запровадження системи екологічного менеджменту, механізмами якого є екологічний моніторинг, екологічна оцінка, екологічний аудит, екологічне маркування; реалізація концепції екологічного урядування у сфері реалізації екологічної політики. Охарактеризовано євроінтеграційні орієнтири формування екологічної політики в Україні в контексті сталого розвитку регіонів.

Background Aotearoa New Zealand is about to embark on a re-write of the official, national, health and physical education curriculum for all primary and secondary schools. This is a significant moment in policy history as the previous most recent curriculum updates occurred in 1999 [Ministry of Education. 1999. Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum] and 2007 [Ministry of Education. 2007. The New Zealand Curriculum]. In the latter rewrite, health and physical education was combined with all other learning areas into one policy document called The New Zealand Curriculum (NZC). In light of this imminent shift, we have undertaken a discourse analysis of the current 2007 health and physical education curriculum in order to gain insight into what driving concerns, discourses and pedagogical imperatives were privileged in that document, how we might understand those within their related social and political contexts, and what insights such an analysis might offer this moment of curriculum review. Purpose The purpose of this article is to examine how the dominant discourses of health and physical education curriculum policy in Aotearoa New Zealand construct particular ‘problems’ of the body and young people related to health, physical ability and schooling. To date, no one has undertaken such an analysis of current Aotearoa New Zealand policy in health and physical education. Methodology and analyses Based on Foucauldian concepts of discourse, knowledge/power, and problematisation, we combined Norman Fairclough’s textually oriented discourse analysis and Carol Bacchi’s ‘What’s the Problem Represented to Be?’ approach to analyse the health and physical education sections of The New Zealand Curriculum. Our analyses involved both a focus on lexical choice – in order to analyse the curriculum policy as text – and critical discourse analysis – to analyse the curriculum policy as discourse. While many commentators (including some of the authors of this article) have lauded the curriculum policy for its socio-cultural orientation, the results of this analysis suggest that Aotearoa New Zealand health and physical education curriculum policy is actually dominated by an orientation to enhance young people’s wellbeing, and surprisingly, this is communicated in the text as directly connected to the production of skilled body. We seek to understand this finding in the context of the positioning of the curriculum policy, as outcomes-focused curriculum policy, and neoliberal discourse. Conclusions The health and physical education sections of The New Zealand Curriculum (MOE 2007) problematises the non-skilled bodies of students and position the development of ‘skilled body’ as a key technique to enhance individual wellbeing. In this context, the emphasis on skills reinforces the notions of success and failure, worthiness and unworthiness. We argued that the writers of the next iteration of the health and physical education curriculum will need to be cognisant of how skills and bodies may be positioned through text, what students should understand, know and do, as well as the dominant ideologies and discourses that shape key concepts. Researchers and policymakers will need to critically examine the complex social, cultural and political contexts that work in this particular policyscape.

In the last three years, Ukraine has adopted many legal acts of Ukraine aimed at the formation and implementation of gender policy. These legal documents define the concepts and basic definitions of state gender policy, provide mechanisms for the formation of gender-sensitive budget programs, concepts, form a single mechanism for gender legal examination of legal documents, as well as draft legal documents. The author substantiates that there are appropriate institutional structures whose activities are aimed at the formation and implementation of gender policy. Ukraine has a complex institutional system aimed at the formation and implementation of state gender policy in Ukraine. At the same time, today there is a problem of forming a positive public perception of the issue of gender equality, the formation of gender sensitivity in society to any processes occurring in life. The author substantiates that today there is no systematic document that would form a unified and purposeful state gender policy in Ukraine. And proposed to improve the draft National Strategy for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men until 2030. The article stipulates that the National Strategy for Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men until 2030 should have more strategic goals, in particular: ensuring and respecting family values and supporting and developing families taking into account the principle of gender equality; respect for articles; formation of professional development of women and girls; establishing responsibility for discrimination, especially in employment and career advancement; establishment of indicators for monitoring the state gender policy for 1, 3, 5 and 10 years; introduction of positive actions, including employment. The national strategy for equal rights and opportunities for women and men until 2030 should include the following sections: formation of family values taking into account gender equality; formation of effective information campaigns on the formation of gender equality in Ukrainian society; conducting educational activities and classes on the formation of gender equality; introduction of training of specialists on ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men; revision of all legal documents taking into account the provision of equal rights and opportunities for women and men for 5 years; strengthening international cooperation and introduction of international positive practices aimed at the formation of gender equality; formation of gender sensitivity of citizens; training of civil servants, local governments. other persons working in communal and state enterprises on the basis of formation and implementation of gender policy; adoption of gender equality strategies in all public authorities, enterprises, organizations, and institutions, regardless of ownership; introduction of indicators for monitoring the activities of public authorities in the formation and implementation of gender policy; cooperation with civil society institutions on the formation and implementation of gender policy.

Introduction. In the article is analyzed the perception of the Ukrainian politics of memory by contemporary Russian humanities. The focus is on how Russian researchers today assess the memory space of Ukraine as a whole and what preconditions determine their vision of its latest transformations. The events of 2014 in Ukraine (Revolution of Dignity, occupation of Crimea and parts of Donbass by Russia) changed radically the relations between the states in the Eastern European region and intensified their memorial practices with renewed vigor. The beginning of the war with Russia almost completely stopped the Ukrainian-Russian scientific dialogue (that was not very dynamic), in humanitarian issues. Purpose. The main goal of the research is historiographical analysis, first of all, of Russian humanities scholars studies about the processes in Ukrainian politics of memory (and historical politics), which were published in the “post-Maidan” period, from 2014 until now. Results. The lack of scientific dialogue between Ukrainian and Russian scientists leads to a complete lack of discourse about the problem, so this investigation is the first attempt to delineate it. The main methodological difficulty is overcoming the “political uproar” that is constantly raging around this topic. However, it is impossible to overcome entirely such “information noise” because it overwhelms most of the “humanitarian” texts of Russian researchers. The “scientific vocabulary” of their works, the authors’ complete misunderstanding of the essence and specifics of historical and ethnological terminology are particularly striking. The analyzed scientific literature is very heterogeneous in stylistic direction. In most cases, the Russian humanities views everything, that relates to Ukrainian memorial practices exclusively in a negative light. There is a Russian historiographical tradition of disrespect and neglect of the Ukrainian national narrative, ignorance of Ukrainian history, which affects on its simplified and superficial analysis of modern Ukrainian memory policy. Conclusion. In general, Ukrainian historical policy as a phenomenon and historiographical precedent occupies a prominent place in modern Russian humanities. The thematic direction of the Russian scholars research in the field of Ukrainian memory policy and its assessments are marked by ideological, schematic and extremely negative conclusions.