Traditional Knowledge in Indonesia Rural Development, Cultural Living or Cultural Heritage: Evidence in North Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia

This article describes community service programs providing training in strengthening organizational communication so that BUMDES can run effectively. BUMDES, as a government program to build villages, demands communications capability  of the program implementer, both the BUMDES management and the village government. Communication plays an important role in all aspects of life including within an organization both internally and externally. The importance of communication within an organization is absolutely limitless to the village body namely BUMDes. Communication is a vital tool that should be maintained and done properly, so any work that involves large numbers of individuals, be it members of the group or the community. This communication capacity is related to the management of an organization that eventually becomes one of the parameters that determine the high level of public trust in the management of the BUMDES. The Community Service Team aims to provide organizational communication strengthening to the management of BUMDES PASINI. The activities are conducted by workshop method and flanking to management of BUMDES. This has been followed by all the managers of BUMDES and the village government officials. Based on observations made on the problem identified on BUMDes PASINI, it was found that the capacity of organizational governance and communication was constrained by the lack of support from the village administration, communication obstacles between the BUMDES managers and village heads, management had not yet focused optimally, and there was still a low level of cooperation between managers. It is expected that the training in enhancing this capacity will make BUMDES self-reliant and able to innovate to develop the potential of Desa as the source of business in Sagala Herang District of Subang District. Keywords: Bumdes; Communication; performance; organizational.  Abstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan program pengabdian masyarakat untuk memberikan pelatihan dalam penguatan komunikasi organisasi sehingga program Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) dapat berjalan dengan efektif. BUMDES, sebagai program pemerintah untuk membangun desa, menuntut kemampuan komunikasi  dari pelaksana program, baik pengurus BUMDES maupun pemerintah desa. Komunikasi memiliki peran penting dalam segala aspek kehidupan termasuk didalam suatu organisasi baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Pentingnya komunikasi dalam suatu organisasi merupakan suatu hal yang mutlak tak terkecuali badan desa yaitu BUMDes. Dalam organisasi, komunikasi menjadi suatu alat vital yang harus dijaga dan dilakukan dengan baik, sehingga segala kegiatan yang melibatkan banyak orang, baik itu anggota kelompok tersebut atau dengan masyarakat.Kemampuan komunikasi ini berkaitan dalam pengelolaan organisasi yang akhirnya menjadi salah satu parameter yang turut menentukan tinggi rendahnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan BUMDES. Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat bertujuan memberikan penguatan komunikasi organisasi pada pengelolaan BUMDES PASINI. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode workshop dan pendampingan kepada pengelola BUMDES. Kegiatan ini diikuti semua pengelola BUMDES dan aparat pemerintah desa. Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan terhadap permasalahan yang teridentifikasi pada BUMDes PASINI maka ditemukan bahwa kapasitas tata kelola organisasi dan komunikasi terkendala oleh kurangnya dukungan dari pemerintah desa, kendala komunikasi antara pengelola BUMDES dan kepala desa, pengelola belum fokus secara optimal, dan masih rendahnya kerjasama antar pengelola.kegiatan ini mampu memberikan pemahaman dan kemampuan komunikasi organisasi tentang manajemen organisasi yang efektif dengan pemerintah desa. Diharapkan, pelatihan dalam meningkatkan kapasitas ini menjadikan BUMDES menjadi mandiri dan mampu berinovasi mengembangkan potensi Desa menjadi sumber usaha Desa CiCadas Kecamatan Sagala Herang Kabupaten Subang.Kata-kata kunci: Bumdes; kinerja; komunikasi; organisasi.Â

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pembentukan, pengelolaan, dan aspek operasional BUMDes, serta kontribusi dan dampak ekonomi langsung maupun tidak langsung dari BUMDes Tembeling dan BUMDes Bintan Buyu terhadap peningkatan usaha ekonomi desa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini terdapat 4 kelompok, yakni kelompok pertama Kepala Desa, kelompok kedua Ketua BUMDes serta pengelola unit masing-masing BUMDes, kelompok ketiga salah satu masyarakat sekitar BUMDes Tembeling dan BUMDes Bintan Buyu, dan kelompok keempat pihak Dinas PMD. Teknik yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan dari 7 indikator pada Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bintan Nomor 9 Tahun 2007 tentang Pembentukan dan Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes), BUMDes Tembeling dan BUMDes Bintan Buyu belum sepenuhnya sesuai dan belum dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadapat perekonomian desa. Kata Kunci : BUMDes, Pengelolaan Dana, Kontribusi Terhadap Perekonomian Desa Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation, management, and operational aspects of BUMDes, as well as the direct and indirect economic contributions and impacts of BUMDes Tembeling and BUMDes Bintan Buyu on improving village economic efforts. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. There are 4 groups of informants for this research, namely the first group is the Village Head, the second group is the Head of BUMDes and the unit managers of each BUMDes, the third group is one of the communities around BUMDes Tembeling and BUMDes Bintan Buyu, and the fourth group is the PMD Service. The techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The research results show that based on the 7 indicators in Bintan Regency Regional Regulation Number 9 of 2007 concerning the Formation and Management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), Tembeling BUMDes and Bintan Buyu BUMDes are not fully compliant and have not been able to contribute to the village economy. Keywords: Bumdes, Fund Management, Contribution To Village Economy

Purpose – Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) is one of the crucial instruments in advancing villages and enhancing community welfare. The success of BUMDes greatly depends on the capacity of the village head in leading and managing BUMDes. The community service activities aim to enhance the capacity of village heads in the East Java Province to manage BUMDes. Design/methodology/approach – The community service activities are conducted through training and mentoring methods for Village Heads in the East Java Province. Findings – The Village Head, after participating in training and mentoring activities, experienced a significant increase in knowledge and skills in managing BUMDes. This improvement encompasses managerial aspects, planning, and the implementation of BUMDes programs. This indicates that the community service activities conducted effectively enhanced the capacity of the Village Head, which in turn has the potential to advance the overall welfare of the village community. Originality/value – The originality of these community service activities lies in the holistic, integrated, and contextually adapted approach in enhancing the capacity of Village Heads and advancing BUMDes in the East Java Province.

This study aims to analyze the Management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Moyo Village, Moyo Hilir sub-District in order to increase the Village Own Source Revenue of Moyo Village, Moyo Hilir sub-District. The type of this study was qualitative study. The data used were primary and secondary data. The informants in this study were the Village Head, BUMDes Manager and the communities of Moyo Village. The method used to collect data were observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis tool used was the theory of Miles and Huberman which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of study showed that the management had been done by Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Moyo Village, Moyo Hilir sub-District was in accordance with the provisions set by the village government. In its implementation, the BUMDes in Moyo Village, had implemented management strategy aspects, such as planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. The management of BUMDes in Moyo Village, which is carried out by administrators by involving the government and village communities directly in every management activity, starting from planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, is expected to be able to encourage the community's economy so that can increase community income and contribute to increasing Village Own Source Revenue (PADes).

The use of ICT has penetrated into various sectors including in the field of government at the village level, both in village information management as well as village-owned businesses in the form of Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Efforts to run BUMDes in a professional manner have not been carried out properly due to limited human resources in managing BUMDes especially the use of ICT in efforts to increase BUMDes income. This is experienced by BUMDes Liang Muda Village. The method of implementing community service activities consists of problem analysis, website analysis and development, website testing, socialization and training on website use, evaluation and exchange of opinions. The community service team facilitates the creation of village websites and provides assistance to village officials in managing and utilizing it for information dissemination and village promotion. The existence of a village website for the needs of BUMDes can facilitate the dissemination of information in the village so that it can be known by the wider community. Development of a website follow the development of the situation can be carried out in the future to support the BUMDes of Liang Muda Village so that it can be used to help the village community's economy.

This study aims to describe the management and utilization of Village Funds in physical development in Tanah Tiinggi Village, Malabotom District, Sorong Regency and identify supporting factors and inhibiting factors for the management and utilization of Village Funds in physical development in Tanah Tinggi Village, Malabotom District, Sorong Regency. The focus of this research is the management and utilization of the Village Fund which includes: planning, implementation, and accountability. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, the primary data sources in this study consist of key informants, namely the village head and village officials and community informants. Data collection techniques used three ways, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model consisting of data collection, data condensation, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results that can be concluded from this study are that the management of the Village Fund in physical development in Tanah Tinggi Village is in accordance with applicable regulations and is running quite well, but there are still some obstacles. The implementation of development is intended for the public interest in the form of construction of facilities and infrastructure. Accountability has been said to be good even though there are inhibiting factors from the Village Government, namely the lack of human resources and understanding of program planning.

Pangaribuan Sub-district of North Tapanuli Regency is one of the districts that have a wide area. Located in the south and consists of 26 villages with various characteristics. The distribution of villages in Pangaribuan sub-district needs to be addressed by the policy of administrative proliferation since the affordability of service from the sub-district center is far enough and takes 3 hours from the furthest village to the sub-district office In addition, the condition of road infrastructure is also still inadequate compared to other sub-districts. This research was conducted in North Tapanuli Regency on the analysis of Pangaribuan Sub-District Administrative Proliferation Policy in Accelerating Regional Development in North Tapanuli Regency. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis with quantitative descriptive explanation. The results obtained that the Administrative Proliferation Policy in the form of service improvement has an average total value of 4.48 and has a positive and significant influence on the development of North Tapanuli regency.

Village autonomy government that focuses on the occurrence of development at the village level. Development in the village aims to advance the village based on increasing Pendapatan Asli Desa (PADes). The effort to increase PADes is to establish Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) in each village and sub-district. The development of BUMDes in each village and sub-district encourages an increase in village/kelurahan community businesses in managing the village's economic potential. The success of BUMDes depends heavily on how BUMDes is managed so that it can provide benefits to the village/kelurahan. This study aims to analyze the governance of village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) as strengthening the village economy and the contribution of BUMDes to PADes. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection using interview techniques, observation and documentation. This research was conducted at the Ngingas Makmur Abadi BUMDes, Ngingas Village, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency. In this study the data obtained came from the Commissioner of BUMDes, the Director of BUMDes and the people of Ngingas village. The results of this study show that the governance process for the Ngingas Makmur Abadi BUMDes is in accordance with the provisions set by the Ministry of Villages. The implementation of the Ngingas Makmur Abadi BUMDes contributes to Village Original Income from 30% of the distribution of the remaining business results and contributes to strengthening the village economy through employment as community empowerment and supports IKM in Ngingas Village.

BUMDes can carry out business in the economic sector and or public services in accordance with statutory provisions. The potential of BUMDes as an independent village community business institution in providing the welfare of the village community itself. This study aims to determine whether the implementation of BUMDes in Nyatnyono Village and the management of BUMDes Sejahtera Bersama Nytanyono are in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. This study uses an empirical approach using interview data with the Head of BUMDes Prosperous Nyatnyono Village and observations of the implementation of BUMDes Prosperous Nyatnyono Village as the main data located at the BUMDes Sejahtera Nyatnyono Village office, West Ungaran District. The results of the final analysis concluded that: BUMDes Sejahtera Bersama has played an effective role in contributing to the village's original income in Nyatnyono village and the management of BUMDes Sejahtera Bersama Nytanyono has been in accordance with applicable laws and regulations in accordance with law number 32 of 2004. Abstrak BUMDes dapat menjalankan usaha di bidang ekonomi dan atau pelayanan umum sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Potensi yang dimiliki BUMDes sebagai lembaga usaha mandiri masyarakat desa dalam memberikan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan BUMDes di Desa Nyatnyono dan pelaksanaan pengelolaan BUMDes Sejahtera Bersama Nytanyono apakah telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan empiris dengan menggunakan data wawancara kepada Ketua BUMDes Sejahtera Desa Nyatnyono dan observasi pelaksanaan BUMDes Sejahtera Desa Nyatnyono sebagai data utama yang beraloksikan di kantor BUMDes Sejahtera Desa Nyatnyono Kecamatan Ungaran Barat. Hasil analisis akhir diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: BUMDes Sejahtera Bersama sudah berperan efektif dalam memberikan kontribusi pendapatan asli desa di desa Nyatnyono dan pelaksanaan pengelolaan BUMDes Sejahtera Bersama Nyatnyono telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku sesuai dengan undang-undang nomor 32 tahun 2004.

Since the concept of "local knowledge" proposed by Clifford Geertz was introduced into ecological anthropology and cultural anthropology, local ecological knowledge has remained a hot research topic. The Lopliks have long lived on the desert fringe of the extremely arid Lop Nur region in the southeastern part of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. Based on their adaptation to the harsh ecological environment, they have developed a rich and effective local ecological knowledge system. This paper aims to explore the traditional local ecological knowledge of the Lopliks,mainly focusing on the economic and cultural foundations, main content, types, and the underlying cultural logic of the local ecological knowledge of the Lopliks. This article primarily employs qualitative research methods, specifically adopting anthropological fieldwork, delving into the living environments of the subjects, and obtaining a large amount of firsthand data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and other means, laying an important foundation for the analysis presented in the article. The traditional ecological knowledge system of the Lopliks is built upon their cognition of the surrounding ecosystem. These local knowledge and cognitive schemas are integrated with their diverse religious beliefs, cosmology, and cultural customs, fully demonstrating their strong vitality and cultural rationality in adapting to specific ecological environments and protecting the ecosystem. By examining local values, belief systems, social structures, and ritual traditions, anthropology provides unique insights into the interplay between culture and the environment. This allows us to uncover the ecological wisdom, significance, and value embedded within local cultures, and identifying the root causes of environmental problems and potential solutions derived from the local cultural context.

This paper is the result of observations and analysis of religious sociology on the traditional mangongkal holi rituals in Pahae Julu, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra. This paper aims to explore and explain the social and cultural values contained in this traditional ritual. This ritual survives and adheres to the Toba Batak tribe even though its implementation has been adapted to the teachings of Christianity prevailing in the Batak Land. Some of the social and cultural values contained in the ritual still survive and are important for the Toba Batak people. To approach this problem, theoretical references from Emile Durkheim and Max Weber are used. Data was collected through literature studies, interviews, and direct observations of these traditional rituals in the Pahae Julu area, as well as qualitative analysis. This paper concludes that this traditional ritual contains mechanical solidarity and the role of the charismatic ritual leader for the Batak people.

Web-Based Financial Reports at Village-Owned Enterprise or Indonesian Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) named Serdang Tirta Kencana (STK) is a web-based information system that functions to record financial transactions. The financial reporting system is used by BUMDes STK as a function of accountability for the use of funds, both to the village community and the Village Head. Building a Web-Based Financial Reporting Information System aims to (1) Administrative order. As a form of BUMDes STK's responsibility to the community in carrying out economic tasks. The capital that BUMDes STK has received must have a welfare impact on village communities. For this reason, every expenditure and income received by BUMDes STK must be recorded properly and correctly. (2) Prepare financial reports easily. The Web-Based Financial Report Information System was built in accordance with the needs of BUMDes STK. The involvement of BUMDes STK started from identifying problems in financial reports, analysis, to the information system design. BUMDes STK involvement aims to make the Web-based Financial Report Information System Application become easy to use. Users of the financial report application only need to input transactions; the application will automatically generate the resulting financial reports based on the entered transactions. The output targeted at community service was the Financial Report Information System Application for BUMDes.

BUMDes is a pillar of economic activity in the village which functions as a social and commercial institution. BUMDes as a social institution supports the interests of the community through its contribution in providing social services. Meanwhile, as a commercial institution, its aim is to seek profits by offering local resources (goods and services) to the market. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of financial management in Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Lubuk Lawas Village, Batang Asam District and to determine the optimization of village fund management by Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Lubuk Lawas Village in influencing growth. sustainable local economy. The research method uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that the main step taken to realize this goal is to socialize and provide training to the community. To maintain transparency, accountability and effectiveness in the management of BUMDes in Lubuk Lawas Village, monitoring is carried out by monitoring the success of the program and the budget. However, the lack of village community participation means that the reach of the BUMDes program is still uneven in improving the economic welfare of the people of Lubuk Lawas Village. Efficiency Measuring the efficiency of BUMDes in Lubuk Lawas Village can be seen from the number of people involved in BUMDes business units, the number of business units available and the performance of BUMDes in improving the economic welfare of the people of Lubuk Lawas Village. However, the uneven distribution of programs and benefits felt by the community means that the BUMDes program can be said to be still inefficient. The management of village funds by Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Lubuk Lawas Village in influencing sustainable local economic growth is still not optimal.

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) as an instrument to drive the village-based economy has shown a significant role in achieving SDGs targets, which amounted to 74 percent before the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world. However, the situation changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, where the focus of the program was on the health and economic recovery process affected by the pandemic. This research was conducted with a descriptive-prescriptive approach that aims to get suggestions on what should be done to overcome the problems faced by BUMDes in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. From the results of this study, it is concluded that in the context of national economic recovery after the Covid-19 pandemic, the participation of all policy makers is needed to formulate the various needs needed to restore the economy at the village level which is also affected by the pandemic. The momentum of the Covid-19 pandemic can be used by the government to ensure the formation of BUMDes in villages while still paying attention to the potential and needs of the village, as well as optimizing the role and operations of BUMDes that have been formed.

The village government must be able to manage village funds properly because the better the management of village funds, the higher the level of transparency, accountability in the management of village funds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transparency, accountability, community participation and accounting information systems on the management of village funds. The sample of this study was the village head, village secretary, village treasurer, head of service and general affairs, government affairs, welfare affairs, hamlet head, BPD chairman and LPMD chairman with a total of 213 respondents spread across 24 villages in the temple sub-district who participated in the study. The research analysis technique uses multiple linear regression with a probability value of 5% using t-table testing using SPSS 26 software. The results obtained show that accountability, community participation and accounting information systems are able to influence the management of village funds. While transparency is not able to significantly affect the management of village funds.