Abstract
Interpretation of seismic profiles and results of scientific drillings in the Mediterranean subseafloor provided indication of gigantic salt deposits which rarely crop out on land, such as in Sicily. The salt giants were ascribed to the desiccation, driven by the solar energy, of the entire basin. Nevertheless, the evaporite model hardly explains deep-sea salt deposits. This paper considers a different hypothesis suggesting that seawater reached NaCl saturation during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. Solid salts and brine pockets were buried within the serpentinite bodies being later (e.g., in the Messinian) released, due to serpentinite breakdown, and discharged at seafloor as hydrothermal heavy brines. Therefore, sea-bottom layers of brine at gypsum and halite saturation were formed. The model is applicable to the Mediterranean area since geophysical data revealed relicts of an aged (hence serpentinized) oceanic lithosphere, of Tethyan affinity, both in its western “Atlantic” extension (Gulf of Cádiz) and in eastern basins, and xenoliths from Hyblean diatremes (Sicily) provided evidence of buried serpentinites in the central area. In addition, the buoyant behavior of muddled serpentinite and salts (and hydrocarbons) gave rise to many composite diapirs throughout the Mediterranean area. Thus, the Mediterranean “salt giant” consists of several independent geobodies of serpentinite and salts.
Highlights
The Mediterranean is one of the most studied and less understood marine basins of the World, being too small to allow easy comparison with the oceans, too deep to be compared with intracontinental basins [1]
The Mediterranean consists of several adjacent sub-basins, which are traditionally divided in eastern and western sectors by an ideal line extending through the Italian
The Mediterranean area was occupied by part of a wide ocean, called “Tethys“ [2]
Summary
The Mediterranean is one of the most studied and less understood marine basins of the World, being too small to allow easy comparison with the oceans, too deep (up to 5267 m) to be compared with intracontinental basins [1]. The Mediterranean consists of several adjacent sub-basins, which are traditionally divided in eastern and western sectors by an ideal line extending through the Italian. The Mediterranean area was occupied by part of a wide ocean, called “Tethys“ [2]. It is opportune to recall that the Mediterranean desiccation hypothesis is firmly based on the climate evaporite model
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