Tracking the policy evolution of China’s rural housing construction from 1993 to 2023

Development of a web graphic model with fuzzy-decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory/Multi-criteria-Spatial Decision Support System (F-DEMATEL/MC-SDSS) for sustainable planning and construction of rural housings

Modelling interrelationships between barriers to adopting green building technologies in China's rural housing via grey-DEMATEL

Purpose: The study is descriptive and analytical that was performed with the aim of the Study and Evaluation of the rural satisfaction level in Avramanat region of Kermanshah Province and identifys the factors affecting their satisfaction of their housing units. Methodology: The studies populations are Consists of 22279 rural households in 4 cities in of Kermanshah Province is located in the Avramanat that based on the Cochran formula were considered 280 persons as a sample size. The instrument was a questionnaire survey. Finding: According to the results of this study that was performed through the SPSS software, Patients satisfaction of their housing is lower than medium. Also, the results showed that the four-factor analysis of variance (welfare, health, and physical facilities) affecting villagers' satisfactions with their study area of housing, the entire city area Avramanat level of 0.01 are significant. Duncan test results showed the city peers in terms of satisfaction level of rural housing, or housing in which they live, is the lowest level of satisfaction. Therefore, planners and policy makers need to look particularly rural housing is. Research limitation: One of the main challenges in this study is high costs of completing the questionnaire, according to the extent of the study area, the main challenges facing researchers in this study. Practical implications: According to the findings, suggestions included providing a program of the government in the short term (shock) for medium-term and long-term programs and Javanrood city to other city in this case to prevent the emptying of villages and reach goals stability, have been proposed. Original/value: This study is important from this point of view, we can define the satisfaction of villagers from their houses (given that many rural housing construction in rural area is), coming and understanding of the right affecting satisfaction to be used in construction.

PurposeFaced with the challenges of rural population decline, combined with the widespread expansion of homesteads in rural areas, local Chinese governments hope to strictly control and minimize rural housing land. Accurately decomposing the process of rural housing expansion and revealing its driving factors will be helpful for land-use regulation by the government.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, an unusually rich dataset of rural housing registration from Pudong New Area in Shanghai is employed. The study aimed to decompose the fragmented accumulation process and its expansion determinants on rural housing assets. The dataset covers all samples of rural households and housing plots at 72 surveyed villages in six towns.FindingsHousing offers profitable capital and earning assets to villagers at the urban fringe, so they have a powerful incentive to build and expand more. The results of this analysis showed that the expansion of rural housing is largely due to the haphazard construction of auxiliary rooms by villagers, especially on plots of arable land that are adjacent to their houses that have been stealthily converted into auxiliary rooms and sheds. Low costs and weak penalties have led to an increase in rent-seeking expansions to rural houses. Houses with the smaller initial areas, families with more laborers and household heads, and the proximity of villages to downtown with convenient living services were the main driving factors for expanding houses. A concerted effort is needed to control the disorganized and unlicensed expansion of housing. This effort should include formulating areas for free use by villagers, high taxes on overused areas, serious penalties for unlicensed housing expansion and effective land-use planning.Research limitations/implicationsAn understanding of the expansion status and control measures related to rural houses in Shanghai provides an important reference that can help to guide the formulation of rural housing policies, and the sustainable development of cities worldwide. Of course, this study cannot generalize about housing distribution and expansion status worldwide based on the study area in China, because China's land tenure policies are unique. But land registry data exists that makes research like this feasible. There is a need to carefully examine the detailed housing distribution in each country before it can be decided on how best to address the disorderly increase in rural housing stock, and promote the reduction of rural residential expansion.Originality/valueFirst, the process of rural housing expansion by using an unique dataset which covers ten thousands of samples is revealed. Second, the results have policy implications for reducing the amount of idle and inefficiently rural homestead. The focus is on rural housing growth and its driving factors in Shanghai, and the villagers' motivations for housing expansion are explored.

The rural revitalization strategy adheres to the priority development of rural areas, the full scientific and rational use of natural landscape resources, the effective protection of the ecological environment and the governance and beautification of the rural living environment. The advantages of assembled buildings which are compatible with the concept of environmentally sustainable development, including pollution reduction, energy saving and carbon reduction, promote the development of the application of assembled buildings in the construction of new rural areas. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of assembly building and the current situation of new rural housing construction and carries out a theoretical research on assembly buildings applicable to the construction of new rural areas, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the application of assembly buildings in the construction of new rural areas.

Recent years have seen the improvement of economic conditions and living standards of Chinese rural residents. But the problems of waste and pollution have occurred in rural housing construction for heating, lighting and ventilation, damage of ecology, etc. As a result, it is necessary to push energy efficiency in rural housing construction in China. In this paper, the problems existing in rural housing construction are first described, and then the strategies and measures to improve the energy conservation in rural residential buildings are put forward. The solutions to the energy conservation in rural residential buildings in China are those government should play the strengthen leadership role, developing the market of building energy conservation and developing technical foundation s and technological innovations.

Policies play an extremely important role in promoting the development of green building (GB). Despite multiple policies have been issued to promote the GB development, the low market share of GB in China indicates that the policy system is unsatisfactory. However, few studies have concentrated on the policy trajectory of GB development. This study aims to fill this gap using network‐based analysis to explore the policy trajectory of GB development from the perspective of policy agency, objective, and instrument. 129 national GB development policies were collected, and the trajectory of policy agency, objective, and instrument were analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) cross‐functional‐ and cross‐hierarchical‐level coordination between policy‐issuing agencies tends to increase. The cooperation among policy agencies represents a strong core‐periphery structure feature; (2) the policy objectives are related to multiple dimensions of GB development, and the focuses of GB development policy objectives are dynamically changed but show continuity to some degree; (3) the adoption of policy instruments is structurally unbalanced, and the mismatch between policy instruments and policy objective should be addressed urgently. Corresponding policy recommendations are provided from policy agencies, objectives and instruments. This research provides a novel perspective on policy analysis, which offers useful information on policy making for GB development.

Contents: Part I The Context of 21st Century Rural Housing: An introduction, David. Marcouiller, Mark Lapping and Owen Furuseth The nature of rural housing, Carol Roskey The exurbanization process and rural housing markets, Adrian X. Esparsa Heterogeneity of rural housing markets, Holly R. Barcus Elderly populations and the rural housing continuum, Bradley Nash Jr, W. Edward Folts, Kenneth B. Muir, James Peacock and Katherine Jones. Part II Rural Amenity-Driven Housing: 'The Haves': Natural resources and exurban housing: landscapes in transition, Christine A. Vogt Housing tourists: accommodating short-term visitors, C. Michael Hall The rural rich and their housing: spatially addressing the 'haves', Gundars Rudzitis, David Marcouiller and Paul Lorah. Part III The Rural Housing 'Have Nots': Chronic poverty, community decline, and amenity-rich growth in rural America, Sally K. Ward Exurbanization, homeownership, and the working poor, Ann Ziebarth The challenge of housing California's hired farm laborers, Don Villarejo Subprime lending and foreclosure in rural Minnesota, Jeffrey Crump Homelessness in rural America, Paul Rollinson. Part IV Policies to Affect Change in Rural Housing: The role of non-profit organizations in affecting rural housing change, Robert Wiener and Char Kalsow Thompson Rarely managing growth: the under-utilization of land use policy approaches, Harvey M. Jacobs Conclusions and integrative thoughts on rural housing policy, Mark Lapping, Owen Furuseth and David Marcouiller Index.

Rural territories are a strategic resource of the Russian Federation. Their development is significantly influenced by the level and quality of life of the rural population. The low quality of life of the rural population, limited employment opportunities, low income levels, as well as poorly developed infrastructure lead to an outflow of labor to cities and the disappearance of entire settlements. Activating housing construction in rural areas will ensure their sustainable development. Government support measures in the field of rural development have an impact on improving the living conditions of the rural population. Preferential rural mortgages are the main mechanism stimulating supply and demand in the rural housing construction market. At the end of 2022 Volga Federal District took a leading position in the demand for preferential rural mortgages. The study was conducted to identify the most attractive and promising federal districts for the development of rural housing construction in the Russian Federation. The Southern, North Caucasian, Volga and Central regions are characterized by unique opportunities that make it possible, through the development of housing construction, to indirectly develop agriculture as a whole. Less attractive for the development of rural housing construction are the Northwestern, Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts. The results of the authors' research will be useful to various authorities to improve methods for stimulating housing construction in rural areas.

The red beds that are widely distributed in hilly areas in eastern Sichuan Province are inevitable rock and soil masses in engineering construction. In order to obtain a larger building area, engineering slope cutting is quite common in red bed hilly areas. Engineering slope cutting destroys the inherent stability of a slope and causes geological disasters. In order to practice the concept of sustainable development and explore ways to develop and utilize land resources reasonably and reduce the possibility of geological disasters caused by engineering slope cutting, this paper took the slope cutting sites caused by rural housing construction in the red bed area of Wanyuan City as research objects. The internal and external factors affecting the stability of the cut slopes were summarized through a field investigation, and two typical slopes were selected for analysis. Sampling and indoor tests were conducted to obtain the geotechnical parameters. Geo Studio software (2018 R2) was employed to establish numerical models, simulate the stress and strain distributions, and compute stability coefficients under different slope cutting conditions at the same time. Based on field investigations and numerical simulations, the three main failure modes of shallow landslides caused by slope cutting were summarized, and the evolution process of slope landform accelerated by slope cutting activities was deduced. In an engineering application, the functional relationship between the cutting height and the stability coefficient was fitted. It was found that the critical cut height values of soil slope were 6.3 m, 6.2 m, 5.2 m, and 2.6 m at slope of 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°, respectively; the critical cut height values of rock–soil mixed slope were 9.3 m, 6.5 m, 5.9 m, and 2.2 m at slope of 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°, respectively. The research findings can be used to prevent and manage the hazards caused by slope cutting in this study area.

Socio-economic development and land-use change: Analysis of rural housing land transition in the Transect of the Yangtse River, China

Rural housing construction has become a key target of reconstruction for the current ecological civilization construction for its lacking scientific and reasonable construction guidance, causing serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. The research object in this paper is the rural area of Hebei. The author proposes appropriate design strategies based on the local climate, environment, economic and technical conditions, and provides a reference for the sustainable development of rural energy-saving housing in Hebei.

PurposeThis paper aims to study whether rural collective construction land marketization (RCCLM) affects pension industry and analyze its impact mechanism.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and social cognition theory (SCT), this paper constructs a theoretical framework for the purchase behavior of rural retirement housing with the influence of RCCLM. A mixed-methods investigation combining qualitative and quantitative study is adopted in this paper.FindingsThe research results indicate that the purchase intention of rural retirement housing has a significant positive impact on the purchase behavior. However, RCCLM has a significant negative impact on the purchase intention of rural retirement housing. A logical framework of “land system participant behavior” has been constructed from three main bodies: government, developers and elderly urban and rural residents.Practical implicationsThis paper provides suggestions for the three entities from the perspectives of macro, medium and micro-level to improve transaction system for rural collective construction land use right (TSRCCLUR), providing references for the collective construction land marketization policy and the development of the pension industry.Originality/valueThis paper deepens the study of behavior intention in planned behavior, enriches TPB model in the study of rural retirement housing security and clarifies the influence mechanism of the rural retirement housing purchase intention with the theoretical and empirical test of the model.

Building a new socialist countryside is a strategic measure to build a socialist harmonious society and a historical task in the process of China’s modernization. At the same time, the industrialized residential industry will be an industrial project with strong system, outstanding personality, large investment scale and excellent comprehensive benefits. Here, the new countryside will be combined with the industrialization of buildings to explore the development path of new rural construction.

This study conducts a text analysis of the policy documents related to Medical Consortium issued at the national level, identify the structural characteristics and utilization of Chinese Medical Consortium policy instruments, evaluate their alignment with policy objectives, uncover the structural contradictions in policy design, and provide a basis for optimizing the Medical Consortium system. This study systematically searched national-level Medical Consortium policy documents from the PKU Law Database, CNKI Government Document Database using keyword like Medical Consortium. A two-dimensional "policy instrument-policy objective" analytical framework was constructed based on policy instrument theory to quantitatively analyze the frequency, distribution characteristics, and interactive relationships between policy instruments and objectives. A total of 50 national-level Me-dical Consortium policy documents from 2009 to 2024 were included, with 56% issued solely by single departments. The policy text analysis results showed that the government could use diverse policy instruments to achieve objectives, but the structural imbalances existed, environmental policy instruments accounted for the highest proportion (46.48%), mainly focusing on institutional safeguards (27.27%) and organizational governance (22.73%), with minimal focus on public awareness guidance (6.82%). Supply-side policy instruments (38.38%) overly relied on IT infrastructure development (24.77%) and rational allocation of medical resources (24.77%), with insufficient attention to workforce capacity building (9.17%) and financial input (4.59%). Demand-side policy instruments constituted only 15.14%, dominated by health insurance payment (37.21%) and pilot program promotion (32.56%), while market-oriented instruments such as service outsourcing (9.30%) were rarely used. Interaction analysis revealed that policy instruments were concentrated on enhancing primary care service capacity but provided inadequate support for optimizing allocation of medical resources, which indicated a misalignment between policy instruments and policy objective. Chinese Medical Consortium policies exhibit weak interdepartmental coordination and structural imbalances, characterized by excessive reliance on environmental and supply-side instruments, underuse of demand-side tools, and internal misalignment within instrument categories. And policy instruments and objectives are not well matched. To address these issues, future policy formulation should strengthen cross-departmental collaboration, diversify policy instruments, optimize their internal structures, and improve the alignment between instruments and objectives.