Abstract
In the European Union, the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in dairy cattle is forbidden. Monitoring rbST (ab)use by its direct detection in animal matrices still remains a challenging task. New monitoring methods based on indirect detection of the substance are necessary. A new transcriptomic system based on the use of high-throughput real-time PCR in combination with somatic cells was developed to control rbST administration in dairy animals. A total of nine cows, separated into control and rbST-treated groups, were included in the study. A subcutaneous injection containing 500 mg of rbST was administered to the treated group every 14 days, up to a total of 12 doses. Milk somatic cells (MSCs) were sampled from each animal at different time points throughout 8 months of study. It was possible to obtain the transcriptomic profile of 18 genes in MSCs of rbST-treated and control groups, and using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis control and treated animals were discriminated. The transcription of CCND1, IGF-1R, TNF and IL-1β genes resulted strongly influenced by rbST treatment. The combination of MSCs, transcriptomic tools and statistical analysis has allowed the selection of four genes as potential biomarkers that could be used in a transcriptomic panel for monitoring rbST administration in cows.
Highlights
Bovine somatotropin is a peptide hormone synthesized by cows’ pituitary glands
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of high-throughput real-time PCR to obtain a gene expression profile in Milk somatic cells (MSCs) collected from cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST)
On the basis of the biweekly administration pattern of rbST recommended by the manufacturer, on day 70 the group of treated animals should have received a new dose of recombinant growth hormone
Summary
Bovine somatotropin (bST) is a peptide hormone synthesized by cows’ pituitary glands. The development of DNA recombinant technology made the industrial production of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) economically practicable[4] This production system opened the door for the commercial use of rbST in dairy cows to increase milk yield. Some research groups have used transcriptomics as a tool to detect the use of growth promoters in beef cattle[24,25] These studies focused on the use of target tissues such as liver or muscle obtained after slaughtering. One of the main target tissues of rbST in dairy cattle is the mammary gland, where this peptide hormone exerts an important galactopoietic effect Due to this direct relationship, recent studies have used post-mortem mammary tissue to evaluate the effect of rbST on its transcriptional profile[27]. Toral et al.[29] demonstrated the potential of MSCs from dairy ewes as an alternative to mammary biopsies in performing nutrigenomic studies
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