Abstract
Abstract In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks (Leccinum scabrum) mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains (Sudetes) in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the Kłodzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma — atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at < 1.0 μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at ∼1.0 μg/g dw; Cd at < 5 μg/g dw; Cu and Mn at > 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at ∼100 μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at 100 to 500 μg/g dw, Mg at ∼1,000 μg/g dw; P at ∼5,000 μg/g dw and K at ∼30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied highly depending on chemical element and were >1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while <1 for Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.
Highlights
Fungi and including mushrooms take important role in metallic elements and metalloids turnover in the ecosystems (Lepp et al 1987; Falandysz and Borovička 2013)
Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively
Contents of 20 elements in mushrooms and soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES; Optima 2000 DV, Perkin-Elmer, USA) and yttrium was used as an internal standard
Summary
Fungi and including mushrooms take important role in metallic elements and metalloids turnover in the ecosystems (Lepp et al 1987; Falandysz and Borovička 2013). Edible wild grown mushrooms are relatively rich in essential trace elements such as K, Mg, Mn, Se, Cu, Zn (Chudzyński and Falandysz 2008; Kojta et al 2011, 2012; Li et al 2011; Szubstarska et al 2012). The metals such as Hg, Cd and Pb are metallic elements, which are hazardous in diet. Sci. (2013) 10(4): 621–627 metallic elements are noted as problematic in the flesh of edible wild mushrooms – especially, when fruiting bodies had grown-up at the contaminated soils (Carvalho et al 2005)
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