Abstract
This paper describes the use of 4-carboxyphenyl-grafted screen-printed carbon electrodes (4-CP-SPEs) for trace lead analysis. These novel and simple use of electrodes were easily prepared by the electrochemical reduction of the corresponding diazonium salt. Pb detection was then performed by a three-steps method in order to avoid oxygen interference: (i) immersion of the grafted screen-printed electrode (SPE) in the sample and adsorption of Pb(II), (ii) reduction of adsorbed Pb(II) by chronoamperometry (CA), and (iii) oxidation of Pb by Anodic Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV). The reoxidation response was exploited for lead detection and quantification.In order to optimize the analytical responses, the influence of the adsorption medium pH and the adsorption time were investigated. Moreover, an interference study was carried out with Cu(II), Hg(II), Al(III), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and no major interference can be expected to quantify Pb(II). The described method provided a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 1.2×10−9M and 4.1×10−9M, respectively. These performances indicate that the 4-CP-SPE could be considered as an efficient tool for environmental analysis.
Highlights
The release of different pollutants into environment has increased noticeably as a result of industrialization, and thereby lowered the quality of the environment
screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were prepared by a printing process which consists of the deposition of a thin layer of a commercial conducting ink (Electrodag PF-407A purchased from Circuit Imprime Francais (CIF)) on a polystyrene support, through a screen supplied by CIF, followed a drying step (1 h at room temperature) and a curing step (30 min at 90 1C), the working disk area was of 9.6 mm2
Many studies have reported the functionalization of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) by reduction of diazonium salt and their applications as electrochemical sensors for trace-element [38,39,40,41]
Summary
The release of different pollutants into environment has increased noticeably as a result of industrialization, and thereby lowered the quality of the environment. Of such pollutants, heavy and toxic metals considered as major environment hazards because of their non-biodegradability. It is widely spread in different areas of the environment (atmosphere, soil, and water). High toxicity of lead is due to chronic poisoning resulting from trace exposure and leads to several organs disruption kidneys and nervous system [1]. Considering its hazardous effects, different world organizations have regulated maximum levels of lead in the environment. The European Union has set the maximum allowable concentrations in food to be from 0.02 to 1 mg LÀ1 [2] and World
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
