Abstract
Bitumen is a commonly used material for road construction. According to environmental regulations, vegetable-based materials are applied for binder modification. Fluxed road bitumen containing a bio-flux oxidation product increases the consistency over time. The efficiency of crosslinking depends on the number of double bonds and their position in the aliphatic chain of fatty acid. The main goal of this paper was to examine the structural changes taking place during hardening bitumen with bio-flux additives. Two types of road bitumens fluxed with two different oxidized methyl esters of rapeseed oil were used in this study. Various chemical and rheological tests were applied for the fluxed-bitumen at different stages of oxygen exposure. The oxidation of rapeseed oil methyl ester reduced the iodine amount by about 10%–30%. Hardening of the fluxed bitumen generally results in an increase of the resins content and a reduction of the aromatics and asphaltenes. In the temperature range of 0 °C to 40 °C, bio-flux results with a much higher increase in the phase angle than in temperatures above 40 °C in the bitumen binder. The increase in the proportion of the viscous component in the low and medium binder temperature is favorable due to the potential improvement of the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture with such binders.
Highlights
Bitumen is a commonly used material for construction of flexible and semi-rigid pavements.Crude oil, from which bitumen is refined, is one of the natural resources
The oxidation of rapeseed oil methyl esters without additives suggests a minimal increase in the peroxide value
Catalytic oxidation of the rapeseed oil methyl ester results in a consistency increase, which should be attributed to the disappearance of the most reactive double bonds after two hours of oxidation
Summary
Bitumen is a commonly used material for construction of flexible and semi-rigid pavements. From which bitumen is refined, is one of the natural resources. According to the sustainability policy, it is important to replace limited raw material with the one from renewable resources, e.g., vegetable-based material. Vegetable-based materials can be applied independently, fully or partially replacing traditional materials or supporting recycling of currently used materials. Plants are valuable source of materials that can be used to produce binders, liqueurs, or binder solvents. Among the plants that can be used for this are the trees and shrubs from which natural resins are derived or oilseeds to obtain oils
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