Towards robust and repeatable methods for studying interactions between jellyfish and microplastics

Abstract

Studies of microplastics are increasing exponentially and standard protocols are only beginning to be established. Jellyfish are considered susceptible to ingesting microplastics because they feed on small, suspended particles. Inconsistent approaches used to study interactions between jellyfish and microplastics, however, make comparisons among studies difficult. Here we review aspects of the methods used to sample jellyfish in the field and experimental approaches used in the laboratory to study interactions between jellyfish and microplastics, recommend some standard protocols and identify areas for further research. We highlight the need for experiments to be environmentally relevant, to study a greater diversity of species and to study different life history stages.