Abstract
The road toll is a significant tool of transport politics due to its economic and social characteristics. Both of those fields search for integrity in activities for a balanced transport. While the road toll is an attempt of the country for internalisation of external transportation costs, the method of collecting the toll is a factor of improvement of public roads. The electronic road toll system (EETS) fulfils those purposes, under the condition of interoperability. The article describes the functionality of the road toll, its meaning for the internalisation of external costs, the interoperability of systems which collect road tolls in EU, and the results of incorporation of the electronic road toll systems in Poland. Subject literature, EU law regulations and institutional data were used in the elaboration.
Highlights
The road toll system is nowadays considered as an effective tool for limiting negative effects of industrial and social acceptance for car transportation
The dynamic development of car transportation forces changes in the attitudes towards road tolls
The road tolls are currently used for achieving wider goals of transportation politics such as change of behaviour on transport users, optimisation of infrastructure usage, limitation of natural resources usage, reduction of external costs, and prevention of congestion
Summary
The road toll system is nowadays considered as an effective tool for limiting negative effects of industrial and social acceptance for car transportation. Beside the general aim to lower the environmental inconvenience of transport, it is believed that the empowerment of external costs will bring the following results [8]: reduction of traffic in most congested roads, mostly in city centres, increase of movement speed, lowering of accident rates, branch displacements in transport, rise of attractiveness (mainly in prices) of public transportation in view of the need to commute When it comes to the selection of internalisation tools, the clear vision was presented by J.E. Stiglitz [12], who stated that economists endorse solutions connected with the market mechanisms, while governments support direct regulations since they provide higher certainty of results. The empirical data concerns the effects of introduction of the electronic road toll system in Poland
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