Abstract
Demand side management (DSM) is one of the most challenging areas in smart grids, which provides multiple opportunities for residents to minimize electricity cost. In this work, we propose a DSM scheme for electricity expenses and peak to average ratio (PAR) reduction using two well-known heuristic approaches: the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and strawberry algorithm (SA). In our proposed scheme, a smart home decides to buy or sell electricity from/to the commercial grid for minimizing electricity costs and PAR with earning maximization. It makes a decision on the basis of electricity prices, demand and generation from its own microgrid. The microgrid consists of a wind turbine and solar panel. Electricity generation from the solar panel and wind turbine is intermittent in nature. Therefore, an energy storage system (ESS) is also considered for stable and reliable power system operation. We test our proposed scheme on a set of different case studies. The simulation results affirm our proposed scheme in terms of electricity cost and PAR reduction with profit maximization. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is also performed to show the legitimacy and productiveness of CSA and SA.
Highlights
World increasing population, global warming, the rise in carbon emissions and increasing electricity demand create an alarming situation for electricity producing and distributing companies as well as for governments to take any strong action against these alarming situations
Base-load appliances may not contribute to minimizing electricity costs or peak to average ratio (PAR) because these appliances cannot be shifted and must be ON according to user preferences
We considered the load scheduling and power trading problem simultaneously in a smart home that has a grid-connected microgrid
Summary
Global warming, the rise in carbon emissions and increasing electricity demand create an alarming situation for electricity producing and distributing companies as well as for governments to take any strong action against these alarming situations. The electricity producing companies are detained from integrating renewable energy sources (RESs) to overcome global warming and carbon emissions [1]. The present fossil fuel based electric grid is working on the centralized approach: only a few large electricity producing plants are operating at 50 Hz or more. High-power electricity plants are operating at very high voltage (i.e., 400 kV or more). The produced electricity from large plants is distributed to the electricity consumers. A large number of supply lines supply the high voltage load to heavy industries and low voltage load to residential consumers and small-scale industries
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