Abstract
Many papers on both theoretical aspects of bundle adjustment of oblique images and new operators for detecting tie points on oblique images have been written. However, only a few achievements presented in the literature were practically implemented in commercial software. In consequence often aerial triangulation is performed either for nadir images obtained simultaneously with oblique photos or bundle adjustment for separate images captured in different directions. The aim of this study was to investigate how the orientation of oblique images can be carried out effectively in commercial software based on the structure from motion technology. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the orientation strategy on both duration of the process and accuracy of photogrammetric 3D products. Two, very popular software: Pix4D and Agisoft Photoscan were tested and two approaches for image blocks were considered. The first approach based only on oblique images collected in four directions and the second approach included nadir images. In this study, blocks for three test areas were analysed. Oblique images were collected with medium-format cameras in maltan cross configuration with registration of GNSS and INS data. As a reference both check points and digital surface models from airborne laser scanning were used.
Highlights
Oblique airborne imagery become more and more popular photogrammetric datasets which is obviously related with rising market of their applications
All other factors which are common for any aerial triangulation process were examined
Additional experiments were performed for block from Wrocław, which consisted of only the oblique images and had more accurate controls
Summary
Oblique airborne imagery become more and more popular photogrammetric datasets which is obviously related with rising market of their applications. The major advantage of oblique images from the consumer point of view is their ‘natural’ view which is much easier to interpret for non-expert users (Remondino and Gerke, 2015). These type of images have been successfully used for years in applications which do not demand high accuracy (Höhle, 2008). Because of that for many years enough accurate way of determining elements of exterior orientation parameters for oblique images was direct referencing Such a solution is insufficient for some applications As a consequence the multi-step orientation method was developed and used, these methods assuming separation images into sub-block by looking direction and orientation oblique images directly to adjusted nadir images (Wiedemann and More, 2012) or separate and independent adjustment of each view direction (Hu, et al 2015)
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