Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents an inter‐level causal view of complex systems. It argues the need to go beyond causal reductionism, the limitations of the model of theory reduction in understanding and explaining the behaviour of complex systems, and the incompleteness of individualism methodology in explaining complex social organizational behaviours. It proposes a multi‐level and multi‐dimensional co‐evolutionary ‘complex holism’ to provide a new prospective for understanding organizational evolution and management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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